Module GE 2 Readings in Philippine History PDF

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LEARNINGMODULECOLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCESUniversity Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa CityQD/CAS/0_ GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORYIssue No. 0 Revision No. 0 Effectivity Date 07 September 2020 Page No. 1 of 74COURSE CONTENTDescriptionThe course aims to expose students to different facets of Philippi...

Description

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

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Effectivity Date

07 September 2020

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COURSE CONTENT The course aims to expose students to different facets of Philippine history through the lens of eyewitness. Rather than rely on secondary materials such as textbooks, which is the usual approach in teaching Philippine history, different types of primary sources will be used - written (qualitative and quantitative), oral, visual, audio-visual, digital – covering various aspects of Philippine life (political, economic, social, cultural). Students are expected to analyze selected readings contextually and in terms of content (stated and implied). The end goal is to enable students to understand and appreciate our rich past by deriving insights from those who were actually present at the time of the event.

Description

Students are given opportunities to analyze the author’s background and main arguments, compare different points of view, identify biases and examine the evidences presented in the document. The discussions will tackle traditional topics in history and other interdisciplinary themes that will deepen and broaden their understanding in the Philippine political, economic, cultural, social, scientific and religious history. Priority is given to primary materials that could help students develop their analytical and communication skills. The end goal is to develop the historical and critical consciousness the students so that they will become versatile, articulate, broad-minded, morally upright and responsible citizens. For the clearer understanding about the history of the Philippines, this course can be taught in English, Filipino or Both according to CMO No. 20, series of 2013. At the end of the course, students should be able to:

Course Outcomes

1. Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity and provenance 2. Analyze the context, content and perspective of different kinds of primary sources 3. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding Philippine history 4. Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources 5. Demonstrate the ability to use primary sources to argue in favor or against a particular issue 6. Effectively communicate, using various techniques and genres, their historical analysis of a particular event or issue that could help others understand the chosen topic

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

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1 – The Meaning of History, Sources of Historical Data, Historical Criticisms 2 – Knowing the Philippine History and Philippine Geographical and Historical Foundation 3 – Colonization of the Philippines and the Conflicting Views: Site of the First Mass 4 – Spanish Era in the Philippines 5 – Taxation and the Early Filipino Revolts Against the Tribute 6 – Awakening of the Filipino Nationalism 7 – Propaganda Movement 8 – Start of Filipino Armed Struggle 9 – Philippine Revolution under Aguinaldo’s Leadership 10 – The Start of American Era 11– Preparation for the Philippine Commonwealth Government 12 –Philippine Commonwealth Government 13 – The Japanese Occupation in the Philippines 14 – The Beginning of the Philippine Third Republic 15 – The People Power Revolution Gerlie P. Sevilla Lecturer, Political Science Department

Prepared by Ghiebert Son L. Octavio, MAED, LPT Faculty, College of Teacher Education

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

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THE MEANING OF HISTORY, SOURCES OF HISTORICAL DATA, HISTORICAL CRITICISM

Description

In this chapter, History as discipline and as a narrative is being introduced. It discusses the limitation of historical knowledge, history as the subjective process of recreation, and historical method and historiography. This module also presents the sources of historical data, the written and non-written sources of history, as well as the differentiation of primary and secondary sources of information data. Historical criticisms such as external and internal criticisms are also being discussed here. These are important aspects in ascertaining the authenticity and reliability of primary sources upon narratives are crafted.

Objectives

At the end of this module, students should be able to: 1. Explain the meaning of history. 2. Identify the importance of studying history 3. Differentiate primary and secondary sources 4. Understand the concept of historical criticism

MAIN POINTS AND HIGHLIGHTS • • • •

MEANING OF HISTORY SOURCES OF HISTORY HISTORICAL CRITICISMS BIRTH OF PHILIIPINE HISTORY

REQUIRED READING/S • Levin, M., & Pforr, B. (1962). Ethnographic and Anthropological Materials as Historical Sources. Arctic Anthropology, 1(1), 51-57. www.jstor.org/stable/40315540 • Baumgartner, J. (1981). NEWSPAPERS AS HISTORICAL SOURCES. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 9(3), 256-258. www.jstor.org/stable/29791732

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

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Meaning of History As everyone knows, History is derived from the Greek word “historia” which means learning by inquiry. Aristotle, the Greek Philosopher, looked upon at the history as systematic accounting of a set of natural phenomena, that is, taking into consideration the chronological arrangement of the account. This explain that knowledge is derived through conducting a process of scientific investigation of past events. There are theories constructed by historians in investigating history: the factual history and speculative history. Factual history presents readers the plain and basic information vis-à-vis the events that took place (what), the time and date with which the events happened (when), the place with which the events took place (where), and the people that were involved (who). Speculative history, on the other hand goes beyond facts because it is concerned about the reasons for which events happened (why), and the way they happened (how). Sources of Historical Data As we go along on the discussion, let us now focus on the sources of historical data. Historical data are source from artifacts that have been left by the past. These artifacts can either be relics or remains, or the testimonies of witnesses to the past. Therefore, historical sources are those materials from which the historians construct meaning. The historian deals with the dynamic (the becoming) as well as the static (the being) and aims at being interpretative (explaining why and how things happened and were interrelated) as well as descriptive (telling what happened, when and where, and who took part). Besides, such descriptive data as can be derived directly and immediately from surviving artifacts are only small parts of the periods to which they belong. There are written and non- written sources of history. Let us explain each. First, written sources of history are usually categorized in three ways: (1) narrative or literary, (2) diplomatic or juridical, and (3) social documents. Narrative or literature are chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form, written to impart a message whose motives for his or her compositions vary widely. Examples:, biography, novel or film, and hagiography Diplomatic Sources are understood to be those which document/ record an existing legal situation or create a replacement one, and it's these sorts of sources that professional historians once treated as the purest, the “best” source. Example: Charter

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

0

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0

Effectivity Date

07 September 2020

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Social documents are information concerning economic, social, political, or judicial significance. They are records kept by bureaucracies. Examples: government reports such as municipal accounts, research findings, and documents like these parliamentary procedures, civil registry records, property registers, and records of census. Second, unwritten sources - these are as essentials as written sources. There are two types: the fabric evidence and oral evidence. Material evidence, also referred to as archaeological evidence is one among the foremost important unwritten evidences. Examples: pottery, jewelry, dwellings, graves, churches, roads, and others that tell a story about the past. Oral evidence is additionally a crucial source of data for historians. Examples of this are tale sagas of an ancient peoples and the folk songs or popular rituals from the pre-modern period of the Philippine history. Primary versus Secondary Sources It is very important to know the difference between primary and secondary sources. These two concepts will help readers for better understanding of the past. Primary sources are original, first -hand account of an occasion or period that are usually written or made during or on the brink of the event or period. These sources are basically original and factual. Examples: Diaries, journals, letters, newspapers and magazines articles (factual accounts), government records, photographs, maps, postcards, posters, recorded or transcribed speeches Secondary sources are materials made by people long after the events. These sources provide valuable interpretations of historical events. - interprets and scrutinizes primary sources. Examples: biographies, histories, literary criticism Historical Criticism Historical Criticism examines the origins of the earliest text to appreciate the underlying circumstance upon which the text came to be (Soulen & Soulen, 2001). It has two important goals: First, to discover the original meaning of the text in its primitive or historical context and literal sense.

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

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Effectivity Date

07 September 2020

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Second, to create a restoration of the historical situation of the author and receivers of the text. There are two parts to historical criticisms. 1. External criticism determines the authenticity of the source. The authenticity of the fabric could also be tested in two ways, by paleographical (the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts) and diplomatic criticism (critical analysis of historical paper to understand how the document came to be, the information transmitted, and the relationships between the facts purported in the document and the reality). 2. Internal criticism determines the historicity of the facts contained within the document. It is not necessary to prove the authenticity of the material or document. However, the facts contained in the document must first be tested before any conclusion pertaining to it can be admitted. In determining the worth of the facts, the characters of the sources, the knowledge of the author, and therefore the influences prevalent at the time of writing must be carefully investigated. The Birth of the Philippine History The history of the Philippines (according to H.O. Beyer’s Migration Theory) is believed to have taken off with the arrival of the first humans using rafts or boats at least 67,000 years ago as the 2007 discovery of Callao Man suggested. Negrito tribes first inhabited the isles and more groups later migrated to the islands like the story of the Ten (10) Bornean Datus. Philippines is rich in history however the written record started with the coming of the Spaniards. Many believed that Spaniards destroyed the earlier records as completely as possible. The same scenario happened when the Philippines was under the American and Japanese colonization. Many precolonial records were lost and were no longer retrieved. Therefore, much of what is known about Pre- Spanish days are still insufficient. There are still much to be uncovered. Other said that some of our recovered records came from other countries which were in touch with the islands. Take for example, Murillo-Velarde Map. It was a hydrographical and chorographical chart of the Philippines Island drawn by the Jesuit Father Pedro Murillo Velarde (1696-1753) and published in Manila in the year 1734. It was the first and believed to be the most important map of the maritime routes from Manila to Spain and to those colony of Spanish Empire in the new world. The map contains captions, it also shows of great from the geographic point of view, and as an ethnographic document.

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

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07 September 2020

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History as Records of the Past The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past is very important in order for us, readers to really understand history. Historians create their narratives through a survey and analysis of primary sources available in the archives, libraries or the antique collections of document enthusiasts. Relying on different materials and resources (both primary and secondary) will truly help us to bring us back to the past events that may lead us for better understanding of the present. REFERENCE Ligan, V., Espino, L., Andrada, J., et. al. (2018) Readings in the Philippine History, Malabon City. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Chapter 1 (pages 1-15) EXERCISES Exercise No. 1 Directions: Encircle the letter of your choice. 1. Materials made by people long after the events being described had taken place. a. Primary Source c. Scientific Source b. Diplomatic Source d. Secondary Source 2. Which is not an example of a primary source? a. Biographies c. a birth certificate b. Letters d. a photograph 3. What is the historical tract typically composed to inform contemporaries or succeeding generations? a. Narrative c. Juridical tracts b. Literature d. Scientific tract 4. This is an example of primary source. a. Newspaper c. Painting b. Electronic data d. Tape recorder 5. A product of record keeping of a bureau which contain information. a. Minutes c. Formulas b. Social document d. Content 6. These historical sources are materials by nature. a. Unwritten sources c. Written sources b. Reliable sources d. Tattoo 7. The third part of diplomatic source. The attestation of those responsible for the document, which maybe the author, writer, counter signer, principal parties involved, and witnesses to the enactment or the subscription. a. Eschatocol c. Content

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ Issue No.

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Effectivity Date

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b. Protocol d. Negotiable 8. Historians consider these sources as documents/ record and existing legal situation as the best source. a. Relic c. Oral Source b. Remains d. Diplomatic Source 9. This is the evidence is considered as material evidence. a. Recordings c. Diaries b. Archaeological d. books 10. These are the original historical sources. a. Static Sources c. Primary Sources b. Descriptive Sources d. Interpretative Sources Exercise No. 2 Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each number. _____1. Incompleteness of records has limited man’s knowledge of history. _____2. These are the raw materials out of which history maybe written. _____3. This historical method, historians investigate, collects and examine sources. _____4. Historian’s ability to reconstruct historical events _____5. Historians aim of searching the truth, authenticity and plausibility. _____6. Objects/things that have since been forgotten or the experience of generation long dead _____7. The practice of historical writing _____8. Learning by inquiry _____9. Historical objectivity _____10. The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.

A. Verisimilitude

G. Aristotle

B. Limitation of historical knowledge

H. Historia

C. Interpretative

I. Historical method

D. Historiography

J. Historical analysis

E. Historical Impartiality

K. Historical bias

F. Artifacts or Documents

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING MODULE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

GE 2: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

QD/CAS/0_ 0

Issue No.

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0

Effectivity Date

07 September 2020

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Exercise No. 3 Define the following terms: 1. Diplomatics ___________________________________________________________ 2.

Verisimilitude ___________________________________________________________

3.

Historiography ___________________________________________________________

4.

Paleography ______________________________________________________________

5.

Historical Criticism ___________________________________________________________

Identify what is being described in the following items. __________________1. It determines the authenticity of the source. __________________2. This is considered as hoax or misinterpretation from the genuine document. __________________3. It is a dictionary of biography that gives examples of handwriting. __________________4. It is a historical seal that has been subject of special study of experts. __________________5. This means that the historical texts are primitive and historical contexts in the primitive sense. __________________6. The criticism deals with more important matters than the external form. __________________7. This refers to the time/century when historical criticism was properly formed. __________________8. It determines that historicity of the facts contained in the document. __________________9. This refers to the time /...