Muscle assignment PDF

Preview

Summary

HAN 200 assignment...

Description

Jane Ye

10/19/2020

Chapter 9 and 10 review sheet 1. What are the three types of muscle tissue? Describe their characteristics. -cardiac muscle: found in the heart and pumps blood throughout the body. They are involuntary and intrinsically controlled, striated, branded, and single nucleated. -smooth muscle: non-striated, spindle shaped with single centrally located nucleus -skeletal muscle: they are voluntary, striated, not branched, and multinucleated. 2. What are the special characteristics of muscle tissue and describe them? -electrical excitability, muscle fibers responds to stimuli by conducting electrical impulses called action potentials -contractility, muscle contracts and becomes shorter and thicker. This produces movement. -extensibility, ability to extend without being damaged -elasticity, muscle tissue is able to return to its original shape after extension or contraction 3. Describe the 3 layers of connective tissue sheaths of the muscle tissue. -epimysium, outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle -perimysium, divides muscles into fascicles or bundles of each muscle tissue -endomysium, surrounds individual muscle fiber 4. What are 4 important functions of muscles? Movement, posture, joint stability and heat production 5. Name the 3 muscles that control facial expressions and the 3 muscles that are responsible for chewing? 3 muscles that control facial expressions: -orbital -nasal -oral Responsible for chewing: -masseter -temporalis -medial pterygoid -lateral pterygoid 6. Label the following muscles 1. Sternocleidomastoid 2. D  eltoid 3.  Pectoralis major 4.  Biceps brachii 5. S  ematus anterior 6. P  ectoralis minor

7. When a muscle contracts, what happens to each of the following: A. H bands? B. I bands? C. A bands? D. Z discs? -H band will reduce in size. -I bands will shrink. -A band remains the same. - Z discs will reduce in size. 8. Graded muscle responses are influenced by __________? -nervous system 9. Name and describe the components of the lever system. -Fulcrum, the point at which lever rotates - Force or effort, applied to one end of the lever to overcome the weight - Load/resistance, the weight of resistance at some point of the lever that will be overcome one by the force -3 class of levers, 1st class: its when fulcrum is in the middle. 2nd class: it’s when the load is in the middle. 3rd class: it’s when effort is in the middle. 10. Describe  the scenarios of mechanical advantage and mechanical disadvantage. -mechanical advantage- low input force results in high output force -mechanical disadvantage- short range of movement 11. What are the 3 types of muscle fibers? -cardiac -skeletal -smooth muscle 12. Describe the ways in which a muscle’s position relative to the joint determines its action. Muscles move body parts (bone).by contracting and then relaxing.muscles pull bones but can't push them back to their normal anatomical position.so they always work in pairs of flexors and extensors. 13. What  are the five patterns of fascicle arrangement? Describe each and give an example. 1- Parallel (Arrange parallel to long axis of muscle)-.a) fusiform eg biceps brachii. b) nonfusiform-eg Sartorius. 2-bipennate( fascicles on both sides of central tendon) as in arrangements of single feather-Rectus femoris. 3-multipennate-(fascicles are arranged on multiple tendons but at centre all unites with and insert into common tendon)Deltoid.

4Circular sphincter muscles(contracts opening closed when relaxes opening dilates)-Orbicularis oris muscle. 5-Convergent (widespread expansion over a sizeable area and fascicle have a single common attachment point)-Pectoralis major

14. Label  the patterns of fascicle arrangement in the muscles. a. Circular Orbicularis Oris b. Convergent pectoralis major c. Fusiform biceps brachii d. Parallel sartorius e. Multipennate deltoid f. Bipennate rectus femoris g. Unipennate extensor digitorum longus 13. Describe the 3 types of levers and give an example. In the first-class fulcrum is in centre of load and force. eg-neck when heading to hold a football.neck muscles provide efforts and neck is the fulcrum and the weight of the head is load. In the second class lever -load is in between effort force and fulcrum..eg ankle region when standing on tiptoe ball of foot act as a fulcrum, the weight of the body as load and effort comes from the contraction of gastrocnemius muscles. In third class -force is in between load and fulcrum.. eg-elbow joint, knee joint..in elbow joint, biceps pulls on forearm between the join asfulcrum and the ball as load....