Music Concepts - Music Timeline PDF

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Summary

A personal music timeline detailing the history of music., A personal music timeline detailing the history of music....

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Orlande!de!lassus!was!a! Franco!Flemish!composer! who!worked!for!the!duke! of!Bavaria!writing!mostly! sacred!religious!masses! but!some!secular!work.! For!example!‘Cum!essem! Parvulus’!!is!made!up!of! words!from!Corinthians!in! the!bible!demonstrates! how!the!composers!in!the! renaissance!period!used! polyphony!and!imitation! as!the!extract!is!sung.!

Thomas!Tallis!was!an!English! composer!who!served!for!the! chapel!royal!and!is!regarded!as! one!of!the!most!important!16th! century!English!composer.! “Spem!In!Alium’!is!on!of!his! most!popular!works.!It!is!a!40! part!motet!consisting!of!eight! choirs!each!with!5!voices!that! makes!for!a!very!imitative!piece,! each!part!of!each!choir!is!added! one!by!one!developing!the! texture!slowly!from!relatively! thin!to!a!thicker!texture!full!of! homophony!but!still!with!a! smooth!timbre!similar!to!many! er!renaissance!period!pieces!

The!renaissance! period!took! place!roughly! between!1400! and!1600!within! Europe.!

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It!developed!with! technology!of!the! time!such!as!printing! presses!that!meant! music!could!be!more! widely!spread.!This! development!led!to! musicians!and! composers! encountering!other! cultures!and!music.!!

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The!baroque!period! was!a!period!that! overlapped!with!the! renaissance!starting! around!1580!and! lasting!until!around! 1730.!The!period!had! a!more!instrumental! approach!to!the! music!and!contained! more!tonality!than!its! more!modal! predecessor.!!

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After!the!Baroque!period!the! classical!period!lasted!from! roughly!1730!–!1820.!!Classical! music!developed!from!the! baroque!period!before!as!it!was! less!an!less!following!rules!and! limitations!becoming!less! complex!and!grand!and!instead! becoming!simpler!with!the!focus! being!on!the!emotion!often! creating!memorable!melodies! and!development!within!pieces! such!a!moods!from!the!timbres! and!textures.!

Antonio!Vivaldi!is!a!famous!baroque! composer!that!I!found!to!be!very! recognisable!and!an!obvious!baroque!era! composer.!Many!of!the!pieces!I!have! listened!to!stand!out!to!be!very!baroque! in!character!with!very!tonal!pieces!that! make!them!very!pleasant!to!listen!to!and! containing!much!ornamentation!such!as! vibrato!and!trills.!Four!seasons,!a!wellU known!piece!composed!in!172!contains! both!the!ornamentations!and!grand!feel! making!it!unmistakeably!baroque!and!a! wellUknown!piece!of!the!era.!

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aroque!

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1600

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1750!

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The!collaboration!between! cultures!formed!a!more! coherent!style!of!music! that!had!homophony!and! counterpoint!making!the! music!pleasing!and! interesting!to!listen!to!and! it!was!popularised!by! patronage!and!the! distribution!of!the!printed! music!

Dieterich!Buxtehude!was!a!mid!baroque! composer!of!DanishUGerman!origin!and!is!said! to!be!one!of!the!most!important!composers!of! the!baroque!period!prior!to!J.S!Bach.!I!found!his! piece!Sonata!in!G!major!to!be!a!very!aesthetic! baroque!piece!that!is!played!with!2!violins,!viol! de!gamba!and!a!harpsichord!The!piece!has!the! signature!ornamentation!and!grand!feel!with! the!violins!playing!very!conjunct!melodies!over! the!basso!continuo!of!the!viol!de!gamba!and! harpsichord.!

The!music!itself!was!much!richer!in!timbre!than! renaissance!music!and!had!a!grander!approach! with!a!larger!selection!of!instruments!combined! with!a!far!more!ornamented!approach!to!music! lending!itself!to!being!more!dramatic!style.! Instruments!I’ve!found!to!be!typical!among! baroque!compositions!include!brass,! woodwind,!strings!and!harpsichords.!These!all! lend!to!the!grand!timbres!and!textures!of! baroque.!

Niccolo!Paganini!is!a!romantic! composer!from!Italy!who!played! violin!and!composed!romantic!music! much!for!violin!as!the!start!of!the! romantic!period!between!1795!and! 1838.!His!piece!‘Concerto!No.1!in!D! major!for!Violin!and!orchestra’! demonstrates!the!turn!from!classical! to!romantic!with!thin!textured!simple! parts!with!the!violin!and!small! amounts!of!backing,!to!very!complex! violin!parts!with!huge!textured! accompaniment!and!swings!in!tempo! and mood.

Following!on!from!the!classical! era!was!the!romantic!era.!Lasting! from!around!1800!to!1900! romantic!music!was!a!further! elaboration!on!classical!music’s! sense!of!moods!and!developing! themes,!but!with!more! complexity!and!the!return!of!the! grandiosity!of!the!baroque! period.!

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Joseph!Haydn!was!one!of!the!most! important!exponents!of!the!classical! period!and!is!regarded!incredibly!highly.! He!was!also!the!teacher!of!other!highly! respected!classical!composers!such!as! Beethoven.!I!found!that!his!Keyboard! concerto!in!D!Major!is!a!great!example!of! how!classical!music!had!developed!since! baroque!with!a!lush!thick!texture!of! pulsing!strings!breaking!down!into!a! quivering!piano!part!with!disjunct! melodies!and!soft!timbre!before! returning!to!a!regular!string!pattern.!!

Instrumental!developments!helped!this! process!of!change!such!as!the!refinement!of! woodwind!earning!them!a!more!prominent! place!in!the!orchestra.!The!invention!of!the! piano!also!meant!that!the!keyboards!were! no!longer!at!a!static!timbre!and!dynamic!like the!harpsichords!found!in!baroque,!but! could!be!played!more!delicately!and!heavily! depending!on!the!mood!or!theme.!

In!the!20th!century!many!new! genres!that!were!strange!and! interesting!started!to!evolve! this!was!largely!due!to! advances!in!technology!such! as!recorded!sound,!magnetic! tape!and!electrified! instruments.!!Many!of!these! genres!were!derived!from!the! use!of!new!recording!and! playback!techniques.!Genres! such!as!musique!concrete!and! minimalism!were!important.!

Musique!Concrete!I!find!is!an!important! genre!as!it!is!essentially!pieces!of! recorded!sounds,!musical!or!not,!that!are! put!together!to!create!interesting!pieces! of!music!or!sound.!A!good!example!of! this!is!Pierre!Schaeffer’s!Etudes!de!Bruits! where!he!uses!sounds!such!as!trains!a! saucepans.!This!form!of!composition!is! essentially!early!sampling,!which!is!used! heavily!today!in!many!types!of!music.!

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Minimalism!I!find!to!be!another! interesting!form!of!20th!century!music!as! it!is!an!arrangement!of!simple!melodic! cells!repeated!to!create!interesting! textures!timbres!and!rhythms!that!could! be!hard!to!play.!Electric!counterpoint! (movement!3)!by!Steve!Reich!I!find!to!be! a!great!example!of!how!such!simple! ideas!can!create!such!interesting!pieces! of!music.!

Romantic!music!again!had!larger! orchestras!and!the!moods!and! themes!in!the!music!could!be! conveyed!using!oftenUlarger! numbers!of!musicians!creating!a! bold!broad!timbre!from!thick! textures!of!instruments!and! many!layers.!

Edward!Fry! Personal!Musical!Tiimeline! 14025242!

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