Natural Science Paper 3 PDF

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Felicitas Stanley May 4, y

Section I: Introduction and Literature Review A. Gummy bears were invented 98 years ago in Germany by Hans Reigel 60 years before the gummy worm. Gummy bears are made mostly of beef and pork gelatin, sugar, dextrose, and glucose plus some added ingredients. They come in 5 different main flavors as ( raspberry, pineapple, strawberry, lemon, and orange. (Harris, 2003 Osmosis is the flow of water down its concentration gradient, across a semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis is an example of diffusion, which is when molecules tend to distribute themselves evenly in a space. Examples of osmosis in daily life include plant cells soaking up water, slugs reacting to salt, and skin soaking up water. Osmosis is important to living organisms because it influences the transfer of nutrients and the release of metabolic waste products. ( (Osmosis: Definition & Examples, 2015 For this experiment I will be focusing on the osmosis process and the movement of water in and out of polymer. Gelatin is a polymer that forms large three-dimensional matrices which give structural support to jellies and jams, and other things that we use every day. (stevespanglerscience.com). When put in salt water, tap water, or vinegar will the gummy bear ! shrink, expand, or stay the same in size. That is what needs to be determined

Section II: Hypothesis B. My hypothesis is the gummy bears will shrink in salt water, dissolve in tap water and . expand in vinegar C. I am basing this hypothesis on the research on the fact that the salt molecules are smaller which means the molecules will adjust to fit the molecules of the salt. The gummy bears will expand in vinegar because of the acid

Section III: Methods D. The independent variable is the water in each cup. I manipulated the water by adding a teaspoon of salt and vinegar in individual cups of 8 ounces of water. The water was measured . with a measuring cup E. The dependent variable is the size of the gummy bears. This is measured by a ruler. I measured a gummy before the experiment and it was 3/4 inch. Then each gummy was taken out . of the water solution and measured again to see the effects of osmosis F. I controlled variables are the color, brand, and original size of the gummy bears. There . was one gummy put in each type of substance

Materials : G. Materials used for this experiment were gummy bers 6 cups 3 Tap water Salt Vinegar measuring spoons measuring cup Ruler White paper Maker to label each gummy bear H. I first used three different color plastic cups from my cupboard. It’s easier to know what cups what variable is in which cup. It’s helpful but not necessary. I then took a measuring cup and measured out 8 ounces of tap water from the faucet and put 8 ounces in each individual cup. Next, I took a teaspoon (tsp) measuring spoon and measured out a teaspoon of salt, a teaspoon of sugar, and teaspoon of vinegar. I then put the teaspoon of salt into a cup that had 8 ounces of water in it and did so forth for the sugar and vinegar. I made sure to stir the solution in each cup to make the salt and vinegar was evenly distributed in the water. I poured a separate cup of tap water. Next, I measured each gummy bear to get the beginning measurements before the osmosis process began. Each gummy bear measured about 3/4 inch before I placed them in the water solution. Then I placed one gummy bear in each cup and sat each cup on a sheet of white paper labeled salt, sugar, and vinegar so that I may know what cup had which soluble in it. I left the cups on the counter for a total of 24 hours but I checked on them periodically to see what . trans formation was taking place

Results At the 12 hour mark, I checked each cup and the gummy bear in the vinegar water and it appeared the gummy bear was a little smaller formation was starting to deteriorate. The gummy that was in the salt water looked relatively in tack and smaller than the original size. The gummy bear that was in the tap water was much bigger than what I had measured it in the beginning. If the gummy bears would have soaked in the solutions, the ending results would different. I believe that the gummy bears in the tap and salt water would have been bigger than what it was . in the 24 hour experiment time. The gummy in vinegar would have completely dissolved

Gummy bear soaked in tap water

Gummy bear soaked in salt water Gummy bear soaked in vinegar The gummy bear soaked in tap water measured at 1 1/4 inch after 24 hours. The gummy bear that was soaked in salt water measured at 1/2 inch and the gummy soaked in vinegar measured at 3/8 .inch (Mass (g

(Width (mm

(Length (mm

Salt water

2.4

9

12

Before

1.8

6

9

After

15

Length

Width

Mass

12 (Mass (g

(Width (mm

2.8

10

14.7

13

h (mm

Tap Water Before

9

A

6

3 (Mass (g

(Width (mm

V

2.4

9

B

1.5

4

0

22.5

Conclusion

6

Tap water bear

Length

After Salt water bear

Width

Vinegar bear

Mass

18

This experiment partially confirmed my hypothesis! 13.5 After soaking the gummy bears in salt water, tap water, vinegar for 24 hours, the gummy in salt water 9 gummy shrunk and the gummy in vinegar shrunk, well actually almost 4.5 dissolved. The gummy soaked in tap water actually grew in size! The Uncontrolled confounding 0 variable was the room Tap water bear Salt water bear Vinegar bear temperature. A cold room would have a different impact on the water solutions and the reactions of the bears osmosis. The cold could have made them grow at a slower rate versus a hot room where the temperature could have made the bears even grow more in size because the glasses could have some condensation in them, adding to the solution, and changing the balance. Osmosis is the capability for water to

be absorbed by seeping through a semi-permeable membrane. Gummy bears are made up of water, sugar, and gelatin. Pretty much as a sponge, gummy bears will absorb water but the gelatin keeps the gummy bears from dissolving in the water. The vinegar is actually a dilute solution of acetic acid which will almost completely dissolve the gelatin which I why the gummy ( bear was the smallest and almost dissolved. (www.howtohomeschool.net

Source Osmosis: Definition & Examples. (2015, October 6). Retrieved from . https://study.com/academy/lesson/osmosis-definition-examples-quiz.html Spamgler, Steve. “Candy Chemistry Experiments.â€Â Steve Spangler Science, 2019, ./ www.stevespanglerscience.com

Gummy Bears Osmosis.” How to Homeschool, 2020, “ ./ www.howtohomeschool.net...