Neuroscientist Project-2 - pdf about three separate neuroscientists PDF

Preview

Summary

neuroscientist project important (5%) of final grade, it is about three separate neuroscientists that are due....

Description

Emery N. Brown PhD Emery N. Brown is the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and professor of computational neuroscience at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and an anesthesiologist at MGH.

Biography Education Brown received his BA (magna cum laude) in Applied Mathematics from Harvard College, his MA and PhD in statistics from Harvard University, and his MD (magna cum laude) from Harvard Medical School. He completed his internship in internal medicine at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and his residency in anesthesiology at MGH.

Relationships He is a fellow of the IEEE, the AAAS, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Inventors. Brown is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering.

Brown grew up in Ocala, Florida, where he attended Fessenden Elementary and Middle Schools, Osceola Junior High School and North Marion High School. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, in Exeter, N.H. in 1974 after spending the second semester of his senior year at Exeter in the School Year Abroad Program studying Spanish in Barcelona, Spain. In 1978, he received his B.A. (magna cum laude) in applied mathematics from Harvard College. Following graduation, Brown received an International Rotary Foundation Fellowship to study mathematics at the Institut Fourier des Mathèmatiques Pures in Grenoble, France.

Relationship to Class His research in anesthesia with the interdisciplinary team at MGH, MIT and Boston Uni relate to the class discussion on action potential, specifically the mechanism of anesthetics. Class concept: Local anesthetics are drugs that temporarily block action potentials in axons. They are called “local” because they are injected directly into the tissue where anesthesia—the absence of sensation—is desired. Small axons, firing a lot of action potentials, are most sensitive to conduction block by local anesthetics. Lidocaine and other local anesthetics prevent action potentials by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels. The binding site for lidocaine has been identified as the S6 alpha helix of domain IV of the protein. Lidocaine cannot gain access to this site from the outside. The anesthetic first must cross the axonal membrane and then pass through the open gate of the channel to find its binding site inside the pore. This explains why active nerves are blocked faster (the sodium channel gates are open more often). The bound lidocaine interferes with the flow of Na+ that normally results from depolarizing the channel.

Journey and Current Life Emery N. Brown is the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and professor of computational neuroscience at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General

Hospital (MGH), and an anesthesiologist at MGH.

Career Highlights Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and of Computational Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Director, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, MIT Associate Director, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT Investigator, Picower Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT

Highlight Research Contributions Developed the state-space point process paradigm to solve neuroscience data analysis challenges: decode how neurons dynamically represent information in their group spiking activity; characterize neural receptive field formation, neural activity during motor learning, and behavioral changes during learning; and develop control systems for neural prosthetics and for anesthesia delivery. Brown co-founded and co-directed the Woods Hole Neuroinformatics summer course and the biannual CarnegieMellon Statistical Analysis of Neural Data workshop. He co-authored the neuroscience statistics textbook, Analysis of Neural Data (Springer, 2014). Brown established and leads an interdisciplinary team at MGH, MIT and Boston University which has developed: the first detailed neurophysiological descriptions of anesthetic mechanisms; new strategies for monitoring and controlling the anesthetic states of the brain; and ways to rapidly induce emergence from general anesthesia and sedation. The research is developing personalized, side-effect-free anesthesia care firmly rooted in neuroscience.

Citations Emery Brown. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science. (2021, January 14). Retrieved November 3, 2021, from https://imes.mit.edu/people/faculty/brown-emery/. Martorell, A. J., Paulson, A. L., Suk, H.-J., Abdurrob, F., Drummond, G. T., Guan, W., Young, J. Z., Kim, D. N.-W., Kritskiy, O., Barker, S. J., Mangena, V., Prince, S. M., Brown, E. N., Chung, K., Boyden, E. S., Singer, A. C., & Tsai, L.H. (2019, March 14). Multi-sensory gamma stimulation ameliorates Alzheimer's-associated pathology and improves cognition. Cell. Retrieved November 3, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867419301631?via%3Dihub. National Academy of Sciences - http://www.nasonline.org. (n.d.). National Academy of Sciences. Emery N. Brown. Retrieved November 3, 2021, from http://www.nasonline.org/memberdirectory/members/20008484.html. Peoplepill.com. (n.d.). About Emery N. Brown: Professor, Neuroscentist: Biography, facts, career, wiki, life. peoplepill.com. Retrieved November 3, 2021, from https://peoplepill.com/people/emery-brown.

Tirin Moore PhD Tirin Moore (born June 12, 1969) is an American neuroscientist who is a Professor of Neurobiology at Stanford University and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is known for his work on the neural mechanisms of visual perception, visually guided behavior and cognition. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.

Education and Biography Moore was born in Oakland, California. He was an undergraduate student at California State University, Chico. Moore was awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship in the laboratory of Charles Gross at Princeton University, where he studied residual visual function after damage to striate cortex. Moore moved to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for his postdoctoral research, where he worked with Peter H. Schiller. There he studied the modulation of visual cortical signals during eye movements. He returned to Princeton, where he started studying neural mechanisms of visual attention (i.e. the tendency of visual processing to be confined largely to stimuli that are relevant to behavior).

Relationships Member, Bio-X Member, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute (MCHRI) Member, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute

Research and Career HiMoore was appointed to the faculty at Stanford University in 2003. He investigates the neural circuits that underlie visual perception, visually guided behavior and cognition. He studies the integration of visual and motor signals, and particularly the influence of motor preparation on visual processing. Moore showed that visual spatial attention is causally linked to the neurons in prefrontal cortex that control gaze, specifically within the frontal eye fields. His lab also discovered that dopamine transmission in prefrontal cortex regulates prefrontal influence on visual processing in posterior cortex. ("Stanford", 2021)

Journey and Current Life 2005 American Physiological Society Alumni Achievement Award 2009 National Academy of Sciences Troland Award 2014 Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute 2018 Elected to the National Academy of Medicine 2020 Top 100 Black Scientists in America 2021 National Academy of Sciences Pradel Research Award 2021 Elected to the National Academy of Sciences 2021 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ("Tirin Moore", 2021)...