Neutrophils Analytical Chemistry Part 11 Summary PDF

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Summary

AgranulocytesPLATELETSPHYSICAL EXAMINATION Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocyte Monocyte  Wright stain Platelets are needed for the clotting process that occurs when blood vessels are ruptured or broken Reagent strips currently provide a simple, rapid means for performing medically signif...

Description

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Granulocytes • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

Agranulocytes CHEMICAL EXAMINATION

• Lymphocyte • Monocyte STAINING OF BLOOD SMEAR 

Wright stain

a simple, rapid means for performing medically significant chemical analysis of urine, including pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocytes, and specific gravity

DIFFERENTIAL COUNTING

Reflectance photometry - uses the principle that light reflection from the test pads decreases in proportion to the intensity of color produced by the concentration of the test substance.

PLATELETS 

Platelets are needed for the clotting process that occurs when blood vessels are ruptured or broken

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Benedict’s test

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Heat Acetic Acid

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Benedict’s test - When reducing sugars are heated in the presence of an alkali, they get converted to powerful reducing compounds known as enediols. Enediols reduce the cupric ions (Cu2+)present in the Benedict's reagent to cuprous ions (Cu+) which get precipitated as insoluble red copper(I) oxide(Cu2O)

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In hot alkaline solution glucose reduce copper salts to cuprous oxide Biuret method, by which copper salts in alkaline solution form a purplecomplex with substances containing two or more peptide bonds

Direct Platelet count

PLATELET COUNT

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Microscopic Examination

Physical examination

Chemical examination

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 

The physical examination of urine includes the determination of the urine color, clarity, and specific gravity

MICROSCOPIC EXAM

Gram Stain / Culture and Sensitivity

Sputum coiling

AFB staining

GRAM STAIN 

The most commonly used differential stain in clinical microbiology laboratory

URINE

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

 The iQ 200 Automated Urine Microscopy Analyzer (Iris Diagnostics, Chatsworth, Calif.) automatically analyzes and classifies urine particles into 12 categories. The sample is mixed and aspirated to a planar flowcell where 500 digital photomicroscopic images are taken per sample. The system uses Auto Particle Recognition (APR) software that classifies urine particles in the photographs based on size, shape, texture, and contrast into 12 categories— RBCs, WBCs, WBC clumps, hyaline casts, unclassified casts, squamous epithelial cells, nonsquamous epithelial cells, bacteria, yeast, crystals, mucus, and sperm

Used to identify the susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolate to the antimicrobial agents

CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY

SPUTUM SMEAR

nanometers. So we will use photoelectric calorimeter or spectrophometer.

AFB STAINING

ACID HEMATIN

PRINCIPLES:  The blood is mix with normal hydrochloric acid. In the conversion of hemoglobin to acid hematin which is a brown color.  In the container our solution is same color.  Then we will now see the values of how much the hemoglobin.

HEMATOCRIT  

Is done to measure the RBCs in blood. Also known as packed cell volume.

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Measure of the ratio of the volume occupied by RBC.

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If mababa hematocrit indicates anemia, a condition that lack of RBCs to deliver oxygen.

MICROHEMATOCRIT 

Determination of packed cell volume or hematocrit using a small quantity of whole blood.

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After that - Submit into centrifugation.

WHITE BLOOD CELL  Granulocytes – means have granules.  Agranulocytes –doesn’t have granules. How to Read: 

Need to do Blood Smear.

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Usage of Wright Stain

DIFFERENTIAL COUNTING of hemoglobin concentration in whole blood. 

IMPORTANT NOTES!

TWO TEST FOR HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION

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here we used Drabkin’s Reagent. It is used for quantitative choloremetric determination

PRINCIPLES: This method lies in conversion of hemoglobin. Icoconvert yung hemoglobin na nakita sa whole blood to cyanmethehemoglobin by the addition of postassium cyanide and ferri cyanide. With the absorabance value of 540

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Gives relative percentage of each type of WBC and help reveals abnormal WBC population.

PLATELETS COUNT 

To avoid reading it repeatedly, in zigzag motion starting from the bottom to up. (left to right first).

GRAM STAIN 

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IN’S

It CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN omplex ntial ng procedure use to differentiate the gram METHOD positive and gram negative bacteria. Gram positive contains thick layers of peptidoglycan. Stain purple. Gram Negative thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain pink....