Note 2 - study guide PDF

Preview

Summary

study guide...

Description

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be a human instinct. - infant sucking

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to reject which of the following as appropriate for the study of psychology? - introspection

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of - behavior and mental processes.

Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors - vary together.

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of - prediction.

Critical thinking most clearly involves - evaluating evidence.

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of - dissociative disorder.

Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This best illustrates a(n) ___________ perspective. - social-cultural

Dr. Ligorano has devoted his professional life to researching the desires and needs that energize and direct behavior. His area of research has obviously been: - motivation.

Dr. Mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent? - social psychology

Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa's work best represent? - industrial-organizational psychology

Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? - biological psychology

Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist. - developmental

Dr. Veenstra conducts basic research on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. Dr. Veenstra is most likely a (n) _______ psychologist. - social

Dr. Welker decided on his career path after seeing two of his grandparents experience Alzheimer's disease. Because he now works in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, he must be considered a(n) _____. - neuropsychologist.

Dr. Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr. Wilcox is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. - personality

Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist. - developmental

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________. - CS; US

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates - altruism.

Frank avoids talking with food in his mouth because he knows others think it is socially inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of - social norms.

Frequent, intrusive recollections of a traumatic event, social withdrawal, nightmares, and the increased physical arousal associated with anxiety are the major symptoms associated with - posttraumatic stress disorder.

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the - adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.

Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite finding is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of - hindsight bias.

Groupthink is defined as - the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decisionmaking group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Haley thinks Keith's silence indicates that he's angry, so she avoids talking to him. Unfortunately, Keith thinks Haley's quietness signifies that she's angry and wants to be left alone. This situation best illustrates - mirror-image perceptions.

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate: - prosocial behavior.

Horace keeps to himself at work, he is quiet, and has a number of odd collections; some even call him eccentric. He seems emotionally disengaged even when others are clearly responding emotionally to a situation. Horace would be considered to have ________ personality disorder. - schizotypal

Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of - healthy growth potential.

If a cluster of people stand staring at the sky, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates - the chameleon effect.

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are - negatively correlated.

If the correlation between children's body weight and their reading ability is -1.00, this would indicate that - low body weight has a negative effect on children's reading ability.

In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable. - dependent

In a published report of a research study on social anxiety, psychologists included a 30-item questionnaire, which they had used to assess levels of social anxiety. The psychologists have thus provided their readers with a(n) - operational definition.

In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that - the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.

In an effort to prevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the researchers' predictions, psychologists sometimes - deceive participants about the true purpose of an experiment.

In an experimental study, men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the - independent variable.

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that: - evokes a response.

In classical conditioning, generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the: - conditioned stimulus

In looking at the relationship between hunger and conditions of the stomach, researchers have discovered that: - rats whose stomachs are removed continue to eat regularly.

In people with major depressive disorder, interest in activities is ________ and agitation may be ________. - reduced; increased

In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement? - bipolar disorder

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences? - operant conditioning

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of - ADHD.

Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of - phobias.

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates - peripheral route persuasion.

Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images. - Edward Titchener

Jeff is a professional golfer. He has been disappointed with his recent performance, even though he feels really "psyched" to play. His sports psychologist tells him that he needs to reduce his arousal to a moderate level before he plays if he wants to improve his performance. Jeff's sports psychologist is basing his advice on: - the Yerkes-Dodson law.

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of: - modeling.

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether: - aggressive behavior is influenced by threats or punishment.

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n): - stimulus.

Kaylee is so afraid of snakes that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to spend time in her own backyard alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from - a specific phobia.

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of - a dispositional attribution.

Learning that some responses, but not others, will be punished is called: - discrimination.

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. His therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist's suggestion indicates that he believes Luke's fear results from - conditioning.

Marta is known for her sense of humor and joke telling. Even though her friends are down about their football team losing a game, as soon as Marta enters the room everyone begins to smile. This best illustrates - mood contagion.

Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer. - negative

Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, when offered a job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates - overconfidence.

Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates - survivor resiliency.

Most psychologists would advise parents who want to change a child's bad behavior to make greater use of: - reinforcement than of punishment.

Mr. Christian has designed a camera with buttons that are easy to reach and see. Mr. Christian is most likely - engaged in applied research.

Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective. behavioral

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive than girls primarily because boys are more frequently exposed to external pressures to fight. Natassia's belief most directly exemplifies the ________ perspective. - behavioral

Nora's husband insisted that she go to a mental health clinic when she was unable to explain or remember her frequent absences from home, phone calls from people that she claimed she had never heard of, and check stubs from checks that she couldn't remember writing. At the clinic, Nora admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her. Suddenly, using a different voice, facial expression, and demeanor, Nora said to the psychologist, "Don't pay any attention to that old Nora. She's just a bore. My name is Patty, and I'm a lot more fun to talk to." The psychologist suspects that Nora's symptoms are characteristic of - dissociative identity disorder.

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to: - retrieve sticks and balls....