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_____ refers to an individual's capacity to perform the tasks in a job.

1. Skill Your Answer:

Which of the following is NOT a component of intellectual ability?

2. inductive reasoning Your Answer: stamina Correct Answer:

Stamina is a physical ability. The seven most frequently cited dimensions of intellectual ability are number aptitude, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, and memory.

3.

Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability might be most important to a market researcher? number aptitude Your Answer: inductive reasoning Correct Answer:

The seven most frequently cited dimensions of intellectual ability are number aptitude, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, and memory. A market researcher would need strong skills in the area of inductive reasoning, as they are often involved in tasks such as forecasting demand for a product in the next time period.

4.

_____ intelligence is an outsider's natural ability to interpret an individual's unfamiliar gestures and behaviours in the same way that others from the individual's culture would. Emotional Your Answer: Cultural Correct Answer:

Some individuals are better at relating to people from other cultures, demonstrating cultural intelligence. Given the rate of globalization, this is an important ability.

5.

Which of the following statements about intelligence and job satisfaction is MOST accurate? Intelligence is highly correlated with job satisfaction. Your Answer: Intelligent people tend to perform better and have Correct more interesting jobs. Answer:

While intelligent employees tend to be more productive, they are also more critical of their job conditions.

Which is a FALSE perception of older workers?

6.

Older workers are less productive. Your Answer:

_____ are more likely to prefer flexible work schedules.

7.

Men Your Answer:

Working mothers Correct Answer:

Working women are more likely to prefer part-time work, flexible work schedules, and telecommuting in order to accommodate their family responsibilities.

Which of the following statements about tenure is MOST accurate?

8. Tenure and job satisfaction are negatively correlated. Your Answer: Tenure is a good predictor of productivity. Correct Answer:

Tenure (or seniority) is a good predictor of productivity. In addition, tenure is negatively related to absenteeism and turnover and is positively associated with job satisfaction.

Which is NOT a theory to explain how we acquire patterns of behaviour?

9.

Operant conditioning Your Answer: Neo-classical learning Correct Answer:

In order to explain and predict behaviour, we need to understand how people learn. Three theories explaining this process are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social-learning.

Pavlov pioneered which type of learning?

10.

Interval response Your Answer:

Classical conditioning Correct Answer:

Classical conditioning grew out of experiments to teach dogs to salivate in response to the ringing of a bell, conducted in the early 1900's by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.

In Pavlov's experiments, the meat was a(n) _____.

11. conditioned response Your Answer: unconditioned stimulus Correct Answer:

The meat was an unconditioned stimulus; it invariably caused the dog to react in a specific way.

In Pavlov's experiments, the increase in salivation was a(n) _____.

12.

conditioned response Your Answer: unconditioned response Correct Answer:

The increase in salivation was an unconditioned response; it took place whenever the unconditioned stimulus occurred.

13.

In Pavlov's experiments, the dogs eventually salivated when they heard the bell (even in the absence of meat). This was an example of a(n) ______.

Your (blank) Answer:

14.

Christmas carols may bring back pleasant memories of childhood to people in certain communities. This is an example of _____. social-learning theory Your Answer: classical conditioning Correct Answer:

Classical conditioning can be used to explain why Christmas carols often bring back pleasant memories of childhood; the songs are associated with the festive holiday spirit and evoke fond memories and feelings of euphoria.

Which theory argues that behaviour is a function of its consequences?

15.

classical conditioning Your Answer: operant conditioning Correct Answer:

Operant conditioning argues that behaviour is a function of its consequences. People learn to behave to get something that they want or to avoid something that they don't want.

16.

The concept of operant conditioning was part of B. F. Skinner's broader concept of _____.

Your (blank) Answer:

17.

Although social-learning theory is an extension of operant conditioning, it also acknowledges the existence of observational learning and the importance of _____ in learning. perception Your Answer:

18.

There are four processes that have been found to determine the influence that a model (such as a parent, peer, or television performer) will have on an individual. Because of _____ processes, a model's influence will depend on how well the individual remembers the model's actions after the model is no longer readily available. motor reproduction Your Answer: retention Correct Answer:

Because of retention processes, a model's influence will depend on how well the individual remembers the model's actions after the model is no longer readily available.

19.

Maria supervises George, an employee who is routinely 30 minutes late to work. When George arrives at work only 15 minutes late, Maria congratulates George on the improvement. She is attempting to _____ George's behaviour. correct Your Answer: shape Correct Answer:

Maria is attempting to shape George's behaviour. When a manager attempts to mould individuals by guiding their learning in graduated steps, she is shaping behaviour.

_____ is following a response with something pleasant.

20. Extinction Your Answer: Positive reinforcement Correct Answer:

Positive reinforcement occurs when a response is followed with something pleasant. An example of positive reinforcement is praise for a job well done.

21.

_____ is causing an unpleasant condition in an attempt to eliminate an undesirable behaviour. Punishment Your Answer:

22.

A(n) _____ reinforcement schedule reinforces a desired behaviour each time that it is demonstrated. ratio Your Answer: continuous Correct Answer:

A continuous reinforcement schedule reinforces a desired behaviour each time that it is demonstrated. For example, a manager who sends a positive email to each employee every time that they arrive at work on time would be using continuous reinforcement.

Receiving pay on a weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly basis is an example of a

23.

_____ schedule. variable-ratio Your Answer: fixed-interval Correct Answer:

When rewards are spaced at uniform time intervals, the reinforcement schedule is described as fixed-interval. Weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly pay are examples of fixed-interval reinforcement.

A piece-rate incentive plan is an example of a _____ schedule.

24.

variable-ratio Your Answer: fixed-ratio Correct Answer:

A piece-rate incentive plan is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule. In a fixed-ratio schedule, after a fixed or constant number of responses are given, a reward is initiated.

25.

In a _____ schedule, rewards are distributed in time so that reinforcements are unpredictable. variable-interval Your Answer:

26.

At _____, managers wanted packers to use freight containers for shipments whenever possible because of specific economic savings. Emery Air Freight Your

Answer:

What is the first step in OB Mod?

27. Developing an intervention strategy Your Answer: Identifying critical behaviours Correct Answer:

The first step in OB Mod is to identify the critical behaviours that make a significant impact on the employee's job performance.

What is the last step in OB Mod?

28. Identifying critical behaviours Your Answer: Evaluating performance improvement Correct Answer:

Which of the following is NOT considered a biographical characteristic?

1.

Intelligence Your Answer:

Which of the following statement about older workers is most accurate?

2.

Older workers are more likely to be dissatisfied with Your Answer: their jobs. Older workers are less likely to quit a job. Correct Answer:

Older workers differ from their younger counterparts in a number of significant ways. Older workers are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs and are less likely to quit a job. Older workers also tend to have a stronger work ethic. However, while older workers tend to have a lower rate of avoidable absence, they also tend to have a higher rate of unavoidable absences.

3.

Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate? Men are more likely to conform to authority, while Your Answer: women are more likely to have expectations of success. Women are more likely to conform to authority, while Correct men are more likely to have expectations of success. Answer:

Women are more likely to conform to authority, while men are more likely to have expectations of success. However, while gender differences exist, the differences represent generalizations and are minor factors in predicting behaviour.

Which variable has the most explanatory potential for absence behaviour?

4. tenure Your Answer:

5.

_____ is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience.

Behaviour modification Your Answer: Learning Correct Answer:

Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience. "We infer that learning has taken place if an individual behaves, reacts, and responds as a result of experience in a manner different from the way he formerly behaved.

6.

_____ grew out of experiments to teach dogs to salivate in response to the ringing of a bell. Unconditioned response Your Answer: Classical conditioning Correct Answer:

In the early 1900's, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov used experiments involving salivation to develop his theory of classical conditioning.

_____ is associated with the theory of operant conditioning.

7.

Sigmund Freud Your Answer: B. F. Skinner Correct Answer:

Harvard psychologist B. F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, demonstrating that behaviour is a function of consequences.

8.

_____ theory is the view that people learn through observation and direct experience. Reinforcement Your Answer: Social-learning Correct Answer:

Social-learning theory is the view that people learn through observation and direct experience.

9.

There are four processes that have been found to determine the influence that a model (such as a parent, peer, or television performer) will have on an individual. Because of _____ processes, individuals will be motivated to exhibit the modelled behaviour if positive incentives or rewards are provided. reinforcement Your Answer:

10.

_____ is systematically reinforcing each successive step that an individual moves closer to a desired response. Leading Your Answer: Shaping behaviour Correct Answer:

When managers attempt to mould individuals by guiding their learning in graduated steps, they are shaping behaviour.

11.

_____ involves following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant.

Punishment Your Answer: Negative reinforcement Correct Answer:

Negative reinforcement involves following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant.

12.

Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining a behaviour is termed _____. extinction Your Answer:

Both ratio and interval are forms of _____ reinforcement.

13.

intermittent Your Answer:

_____ is also popularly referred to as OB Mod.

14.

Organizational structure Your Answer: Behaviour modification Correct Answer:

_____ are individuals who get things done through other people.

1. Managers Your

Answer:

2.

Which French industrialist said that a manager's functions consist of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling? Fred Luthans Your Answer: Henri Fayol Correct Answer:

In the early part of the 20th century, Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions. These five management functions are the basis of the modern concept of four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

3.

Through the _____ function, managers monitor the performance of the organization and significant deviations. planning Your Answer: controlling Correct Answer:

Controlling is the management function that involves monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.

4.

_____ is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organizations. Organizational behaviour Your Answer:

5.

_____ involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute cause and effects, and drawing conclusions based on systematic evidence. Workforce diversity Your Answer: Systematic study Correct Answer:

Systematic study involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute cause and effects, and drawing conclusions based on systematic evidence.

Burger King is owned by a firm located in _____.

6. Great Britain Your Answer:

7.

In advanced nations, minimum wages are typically €7 or more per hour. Workers in China and other developing nations often work for _____ per hour. €1.00 Your Answer: €0.40 Correct Answer:

With workers earning only 40 cents per hour, products made in China are considerably less expensive than those made in advanced nations.

8.

_____ means that organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

Workforce diversity Your Answer:

9.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major workforce diversity categories identified in the text? Lifestyle Your Answer:

Which of the following best reflects the "melting pot" assumption?

10.

People should adopt the majority culture. Your Answer: Diversity will contribute positively to organizational Correct decision making. Answer:

In the past, organizations have adopted the "melting pot" assumption, believing that people who were different would want to assimilate. However, we now recognize that organizations should accommodate diverse groups of people by addressing their different lifestyles, needs, and work-styles.

11.

The accounting equation, Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity, is an example of a(n) _____. factor Your Answer: model Correct Answer:

A model is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.

12.

The primary dependent variables in organizational behaviour have been productivity, absenteeism, turnover, and job satisfaction. More recently, _____ and _____ have been added to the list. ability, values Your Answer: deviant workplace behaviour , organizational Correct citizenship Answer:

Deviant workplace behaviour and organizational citizenship are among the primary dependent variables in organizational behaviour. (A dependent variable is a factor that can be explained or predicted by some other factor.)

A failure to report to work is termed _____.

13. delinquency Your Answer: absenteeism Correct Answer:

Absenteeism is defined as the failure to report to work. A recent survey found that the average direct cost to U.S. employers from unscheduled absences is $789 per year per employee.

A(n) _____ is the presumed cause of change in an outcome.

14. dependent variable Your Answer: independent variable Correct Answer:

An independent variable is the presumed cause of a change in an

outcome. Independent variables include individual level, group level, and organization systems level variables.

Which of the following is NOT an individual level independent variable?

15. marital status Your Answer: productivity Correct Answer:

1.

Which is not one of the five functions of management suggested by Henri Fayol? Commanding Your Answer: Participating Correct Answer:

In the early part of the 20th century, Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. These five management functions are the basis of the modern concept of four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

2.

_____ is a researcher who identified managerial roles by the in-depth study of five executives. Fred Luthans Your Answer: Henry Mintzberg Correct Answer:

Henry Mintzberg studied five executives to determine what managers do on their jobs.

Which is not one of Mintzberg's interpersonal roles?

3. Monitor Your Answer:

4.

_____ skills encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. Technical Your Answer:

5.

When studying successful managers, Fred Luthans and his associates found that _____ made the largest relative contribution. Human resource management Your Answer: Networking Correct Answer:

When studying successful managers, Fred Luthans and his associates found that networking made the largest relative contribution. However, for effective managers, communication made the largest relative contribution.

6.

The field of organizational behaviour is most concerned with an organization's _____. perception Your Answer: effectiveness Correct

Answer:

Organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving effectiveness.

"Intuition" is concerned with _____.

7. scientific analysis Your Answer: gut feelings Correct Answer:

Intuition is based on gut feelings and is not necessarily supported by research.

8.

_____ is a science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals. Social psychology Your Answer: Psychol...