Oim exam 2 study guide PDF

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Chapter 2 Study guide. Scored an 100 and only looked a this. 2nd of 3 exams....

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OIM Exam 2 Study Guide Netflix: ●

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Early

mover, went public too early and was straddling, but was able to create strategic competitive advantages: ○ Brand: Awareness vs. customer experience ○ Scale: More selection – Long Tail (4K vs. 125 K) ○ Data: Collaborative Filtering When they went public, they were required to disclose their financial position

Definitions you need to know ● Churn Rate: rate at which customers leave a product or service.H  igh vs. Low ● Collaborative Filtering: monitors trends among customers to personalize an individual customer's experience ● Long Tail: offering a near-limitless selection of products or services. ● Marginal costs vs. Fixed costs: ○ Marginal: associated with each additional unit produced ○ Fixed: doesn't change ● First sale doctrine Chip performance per dollar doubles every eighteen months: ● Microprocessors -> calculation doubles ● Storage -> storage doubles Moore’s Law: ● ● ● ●

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Semiconductor in a business context refers to ‘computer chips’ (e.g. the semiconductor industry is the chip business) Could be talking about microprocessors or storage chips microprocessor - the calculating brain of a computer. Intel dominates this market in PCs, ARM (licensed) dominates smartphones volatile memory - requires a charge to hold its value (e.g. the RAM in your PC, which loses data when the power is cut) non-volatile memory - retains value even when not charged (e.g. the flash memory in your camera) ○ E- waste: discarded, often obsolete technology, also known as electronic waste ○ Flash Memory: ○ Price Elasticity Has been in existence since the second wave of computing Chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months ○

Computing costs are declining, while computing power and technology is on the rise (things are getting faster and cheaper)

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Data storage and optical fiber follow a similar trend Waves of computing: ○ First wave: the 60s, mainframes ○ Second wave: the 70s, minicomputers ○ Third wave: the 80s, personal computers ○ Fourth wave: the 90s, internet computing ○ Fifth wave: mobile computing ○ Sixth wave: ubiquitous/pervasive computing ■ Each new computing cycle typically generates around 10x the installed base of the previous cycle Threats to moores law: ○ Size: can’t shrink forever ○ Heat: electrons get close together and get very hot ○ Power: costly to keep your cool Multi-core: many processor “cores” in a single chip Multiprocessor: many chips in one device, delivering massively parallel supercomputing Grid and cluster computing: multiple devices working in tandem as one computer The cloud, mickeys wristband

Disruptive IT Two main characteristics: 1. Come to market with a set of performance attributes not initially valued by existing customers. 2. Performance attributes that customers do value improve to the point where the new tech invades the established market. 3. Kodak Example: used to be the most valuable way of capturing moments, but iphones then offered great photo quality and took over the market 4. Cisco Example: had valuable camera recorder, but then ipod nanos began to shoot video 5. How can you see potential disruptions?

Notes from Quiz ● Churn rate: rate at which customers leave a product or service. ● Collaborative filtering: monitors trends among customers to personalize an individual customer's experience ● Marginal costs: are associated with each additional unit produced. ● Long tail phenomenon: offering a near-limitless selection of products or services. ● Moore’s Law states that chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months ● Moore’s Law has been in effect since the second wave of computing ● Which of the following factors is responsible for enabling the advance of Moore’s Law?

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The distance between pathways inside silicon chips gets smaller with each successive generation E-waste: discarded, often obsolete technology By going public, Netflix was required to disclose its financial position Disruptive technologies come to market with a set of performance attributes that existing customers don’t value, and over time the performance attributes improve to the point where they invade established markets

Definitions from textbook Chapter 4 ● Coopetition: a situation where firms may both cooperate and compete with one another ● Disintermediation: removing an organization form a firm’s distribution channel. Disintermediation collapses the path between supplier and customer ● A/B Test: a randomized group of experiments used to collect data and compare performance among two options studied (A and B). A/B testing is often used in refining the design of technology products, and this testing is particularly easy to run over the internet of a firm’s website. Amazon, Google and Facebook are among the firms that aggressively leverage hundreds of A/B tests a year in order to improve their product offerings ● Bandwidth caps: a limit, imposed by the ISP on the total amount of traffic that a given subscriber can consume. The cap limits the amount of data which users can download or upload via their connection. Chapter 5 ● Volatile memory: storage that is wiped clean when power is cut off from a device ● Price elasticity: the rate at which the demand for a product or service fluctuates with price change. Goods and services that are highly price elastic see demand spike as prices drop, whereas goods and services that are less price elastic are less responsive to price change ● Flash memory: nonvolatile, chip based storage, often used in mobile phones, cameras and MP3 players. Flash memory is slower than conventional RAM, but it holds its charge even when the power goes out ● Semiconductors: a substance used inside most computer chips that is capable of enabling as well as inhibiting the flow of electricity ● Solid state electronics: semiconductor based devices. Solid state components often suffer fewer failures and require less energy than mechanical counterparts because they have no moving parts ● Microprocessor: the part of the computer that executes the instructions of a computer program ● Random access memory: the fast, chip based volatile storage in a computing device ● Nonvolatile memory: storage that retains data even when powered down

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Optical fiber line: a high speed glass or plastic lined networking cable used in telecommunications ● Internet of things: A vision where low-cost sensors, processors, and communication are embedded into a wide array of products and our environment, allowing a vast network to collect data, analyze input, and automatically coordinate collective action. ● Multicore microprocessors: Microprocessors with two or more (typically lower power) calculating processor cores on the same piece of silicon. ● Silicon wafer: A thin, circular slice of material used to create semiconductor devices. Hundreds of chips may be etched on a single wafer, where they are eventually cut out for individual packaging. ● Fabs: Semiconductor fabrication facilities; the multibillion dollar plants used to manufacture semiconductors. ● Latency: A term often used in computing that refers to delay, especially when discussing networking and data transfer speeds. Low-latency systems are faster systems. ● Cloud computing: Replacing computing resources—either an organization’s or individual’s hardware or software—with services provided over the Internet. ● Server farms: A massive network of computer servers running software to coordinate their collective use. Server farms provide the infrastructure backbone to SaaS and hardware cloud efforts, as well as many large-scale Internet services. ● Supercomputers: Computers that are among the fastest of any in the world at the time of their introduction. ● Cluster computing: Connecting server computers via software and networking so that their resources can be used to collectively solve computing tasks. ● Software as a service: A form of cloud computing where a firm subscribes to a third-party software and receives a service that is delivered online. ● Massively Parallel: Computers designed with many microprocessors that work together, simultaneously, to solve problems. Chapter 6 ● Bitcoin: An open-source, decentralized payment system (sometimes controversially referred to as a digital, virtual, or cryptocurrency) that operates in a peer-to-peer environment, without bank or central authority. ● Liquid: An asset which is liquid can be easily turned into cash. Stocks of public companies traded on major exchanges are highly liquid. Private shares in a company that has not yet gone public are illiquid since there is not a readily available public market....