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Organizational Behavior, 14e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 13 Power and Politics 1) Power can be defined as ________. A) the ability to influence the behavior of others B) the actualization of the dependency of others C) congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led D) downward influence on one's followers E) upward influence on one's leaders Answer: A Explanation: Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so B acts in accordance with A's wishes. Someone can thus have power but not use it; it is a capacity or potential. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 Topic: A Definition of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1 2) Which one of the following is not implied in the definition of power? A) influence B) potential C) dependency D) actualization E) capacity Answer: D Explanation: Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so B acts in accordance with A's wishes. Someone can thus have power but not use it; it is a capacity or potential. Probably the most important aspect of power is that it is a function of dependency. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 Topic: A Definition of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1

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3) The most important aspect of power is probably that it ________. A) is needed to get things done in an organization B) is a function of dependency C) tends to corrupt people D) is counter productive E) involves control Answer: B Explanation: Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so B acts in accordance with A's wishes. Someone can thus have power but not use it; it is a capacity or potential. Probably the most important aspect of power is that it is a function of dependency. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 Topic: A Definition of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Power and Dependency Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1 4) Which of the following statements is true concerning power? A) Trust and mistrust affect the expression of power. B) A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire. C) Power requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. D) To be effective, power must be actualized. E) In order to have power, a person must impose their control over others. Answer: B Explanation: Probably the most important aspect of power is that it is a function of dependency. The greater B's dependence on A, the greater A's power in the relationship. Dependence, in turn, is based on alternatives that B perceives, and the importance B places on the alternative(s) A controls. A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 Topic: A Definition of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1

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5) Clifford has to work to support his family. He would like to go home before nine, but his boss says that he must stay and complete an assignment. Clifford is ________ his boss, who controls his job. A) grateful to B) more powerful than C) dependent on D) similar to E) a leader to Answer: C Explanation: Probably the most important aspect of power is that it is a function of dependency. The greater B's dependence on A, the greater A's power in the relationship. Dependence, in turn, is based on alternatives that B perceives, and the importance B places on the alternative(s) A controls. Clifford is experiencing this dependency. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 Topic: A Definition of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Leadership and Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 1 6) Power does not require goal compatibility, merely ________. A) reliance B) communication C) confidence D) dependence E) understanding Answer: D Explanation: Power does not require goal compatibility, merely dependence. Leadership, on the other hand, requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Contrasting Leadership and Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1

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7) Leadership requires ________. A) some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led B) strong two-way communication between the leader and those being led C) a dependency of those being led on the leader D) a dependency of the leader on those being led E) followers to share behavioral traits with their leaders Answer: A Explanation: Power does not require goal compatibility, merely dependence. Leadership, on the other hand, requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Contrasting Leadership and Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Leadership Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1 8) Leadership focuses on the ________. A) downward influence of a leader on his or her followers B) importance of lateral and upward influence patterns C) elimination of dependency relationships D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: A Explanation: One difference between power and leadership relates to the direction of influence. Leadership focuses on the downward influence on followers. It minimizes the importance of lateral and upward influence patterns. Power does not. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Contrasting Leadership and Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Leadership Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1

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9) Unlike leadership research, research on power tends to focus on ________. A) individual styles in using power B) strategies for goal attainment C) tactics for gaining compliance D) the administration of rewards E) the effective use of threats Answer: C Explanation: Research on power focuses on tactics for gaining compliance. It goes beyond the individual as the exerciser of power because groups as well as individuals can use power to control other individuals or groups. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Contrasting Leadership and Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1 10) The two general groupings of power are ________. A) informational and personal B) formal and informal C) informal and legitimate D) personal and formal E) static and fluid Answer: D Explanation: The bases or sources of power are divided into two general groupings, formal and personal. These two groupings are then broken down into more specific categories. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Bases of Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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11) One reacts to ________ power out of fear of the negative ramifications that might result if one fails to comply. A) legitimate B) coercive C) punitive D) referent E) abusive Answer: B Explanation: The coercive power base depends on fear of the negative results from failing to comply. It rests on the application, or the threat of application, of physical sanctions such as the infliction of pain, frustration through restriction of movement, or the controlling by force of basic physiological or safety needs. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Coercive Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 12) When a bank robber points a gun at a bank employee, his base of power is ________. A) coercive B) punitive C) positional D) authoritative E) fractional Answer: A Explanation: The coercive power base depends on fear of the negative results from failing to comply. It rests on the application, or the threat of application, of physical sanctions such as the infliction of pain, frustration through restriction of movement, or the controlling by force of basic physiological or safety needs. The bank teller is forced to comply. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Coercive Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 2

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13) Celia does not think that the new logo design for the company, which is mostly blue, is very effective. She has mentioned her disagreement on the design to a few others in the design team. In a meeting, Tom, one of her coworkers that is quite admired by the team, makes the comment that Celia doesn't like the design, and that she probably wants it to be pink, since she always wears pink. The group laughs at Tom's joke, and Celia doesn't add any more input into the logo discussion. Which type of power has Tom used over Celia? A) reward B) expert C) control D) coercive E) dependency Answer: D Explanation: At the organizational level, A has coercive power over B if A can treat B in a manner B finds embarrassing. Tom was able to embarrass Celia and coerce her into accepting the design that she didn't like. Tom was able to coerce Celia, in part, due to his referent power in the team. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Formal Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 2 14) The opposite of coercive power is ________ power. A) referent B) reward C) legitimate D) charismatic E) resourcive Answer: B Explanation: The opposite of coercive power is reward power, with which people comply because it produces positive benefits; someone who can distribute rewards others view as valuable will have power over them. These rewards can be either financial, such as controlling pay rates, or nonfinancial, including recognition, or promotions. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Reward Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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15) When your superior offers you a raise if you will perform additional work beyond the requirements of your job, he/she is exercising ________ power. A) legitimate B) coercive C) reward D) personal E) reflective Answer: C Explanation: The opposite of coercive power is reward power, with which people comply because it produces positive benefits; someone who can distribute rewards others view as valuable will have power over them. These rewards can be either financial, such as controlling pay rates, or nonfinancial, including recognition, or promotions. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Reward Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 2 16) Legitimate power is based on ________. A) positive rewards B) interpersonal trust C) structural position D) expert knowledge E) respect and admiration Answer: C Explanation: In formal groups and organizations, probably the most common access to one or more of the power bases is through legitimate power. It represents the formal authority to control and use organizational resources based on structural position in the organization. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Legitimate Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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17) Which of the following types of power requires acceptance of the leader's authority by members of the organization? A) personal B) organizational C) legitimate D) positional E) balanced Answer: C Explanation: Legitimate power is broader than the power to coerce and reward. Specifically, it includes members' acceptance of the authority of a position. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Legitimate Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 18) The power that the College Dean has been granted by the University over the faculty is termed ________ power. A) academic B) positional C) legitimate D) organizational E) balanced Answer: C Explanation: Legitimate power represents the formal authority to control and use organizational resources based on structural position in the organization. It includes members' acceptance of the authority of a position. A College Dean holds legitimate power. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Legitimate Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 2

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19) ________ power is generally related to an individual's unique characteristics. A) Personal B) Reward C) Legitimate D) Expert E) Idiosyncratic Answer: A Explanation: Personal power comes from an individual's unique characteristics. There are two bases of personal power: expertise and the respect and admiration of others. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Personal Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 20) Personal power is generally perceived as a result of all the following except ________. A) expertise B) charisma C) persuasiveness D) admiration E) skill Answer: C Explanation: There are two bases of personal power: expertise based on skills, and the respect and admiration of others based on charisma and personality. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Personal Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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21) ________ power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. A) Associational B) Legitimate C) Referent D) Personal E) Source Answer: C Explanation: Referent power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. If I like, respect, and admire you, you can exercise power over me because I want to please you. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Referent Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 22) John was good with numbers, but he wasn't sure what he wanted to study in college. His senior year in high school he had a math teacher that he thought was awesome. Mr. Roury was the first mathematician that spoke to John on his level and got him really excited about numbers. John joined the Math Club to spend more time with Mr. Roury. John went on to study math and later engineering in college and today tells his kids that he owes his career to Mr. Roury. Mr. Roury exhibited ________ power over John. A) leadership B) referent C) coercive D) reward E) legitimate Answer: B Explanation: Referent power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. If a person is respected and admired he can exercise power and influence over others that desire to please him. John admired Mr. Roury and wanted to please him, which influenced his career choice. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Formal Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 2

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23) Your physician has advised you to take a series of medications. You comply because of her ________ power. A) referent B) information C) formal D) expert E) personal Answer: D Explanation: Expert power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge. It is generally acknowledged that physicians have expertise and hence expert power: Most of us follow our doctor's advice. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Expert Power Quest. Category: Application LO: 2 24) Celebrities are paid millions of dollars to endorse products in commercials because the advertisers believe the celebrities have ________ power. A) personal B) referent C) expert D) legitimate E) star Answer: B Explanation: Referent power develops out of admiration of another and a desire to be like that person. It helps explain, for instance, why celebrities are paid millions of dollars to endorse products in commercials. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Referent Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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25) Of the bases of power, research indicates that ________ power is most effective and important. A) personal B) coercive C) reward D) legitimate E) formal Answer: A Explanation: Of the three bases of formal power (coercive, reward, legitimate) and two bases of personal power (expert, referent), research suggests pretty clearly that the personal sources of power are most effective. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423 Topic: Bases of Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Personal Power Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 26) Dependency is inversely proportional to ________. A) the level of an individual's personal power B) the number of alternative sources of a particular resource C) the type of informational analysis conducted in a situation D) the financial resources required to solve a problem E) a leader's influence over policy decisions Answer: B Explanation: When you possess anything others require that you alone control, you make them dependent on you, and, therefore, you gain power over them. If something is plentiful, possessing it will not increase your power. Conversely, the more you can expand your own options, the less power you place in the hands of others. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 424 Topic: Dependency: The Key to Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Dependency Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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27) Most organizations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business to only one in order to ________. A) increase knowledge and information B) reduce dependency C) maximize power D) develop interdependence E) avoid uncertainty Answer: B Explanation: If something is plentiful, possessing it will not increase your power. Conversely, the more you can expand your own options, the less power you place in the hands of others. This explains why most organizations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business to only one. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 Topic: Dependency: The Key to Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Dependency Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 28) Dependency is decreased when the resource you control is ________. A) important B) scarce C) easily replaced D) insufficient E) static Answer: C Explanation: Dependency increases when the resource you control is important, scarce, and nonsubstitutable, and decreases when supplies are abundant or easily replaced. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 424 Topic: Dependency: The Key to Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Creating Dependency Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2

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29) Which of the following is least likely to create dependency? A) importance B) scarcity C) nonsubstitutability D) power legitimacy E) supply and demand Answer: D Explanation: Dependency increases when the resource you control is important, scarce, and nonsubstitutable, and decreases when supplies are abundant or easily replaced. Power legitimacy is not a factor in dependency. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 Topic: Dependency: The Key to Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Creating Dependency Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 2 30) Rodrigo has developed a new technology for reading bar codes in grocery stores. There is no other technology like his, but Rodrigo is not powerful because no one wants to change from the system that they already have. Rodrigo is not able to create dependency because ________. A) his product is not scarce B) his product is nonsubstitutable C) Rodrigo lacks expert power D) his product is not important E) Rodrigo lacks reward power Answer: D Explanation: If nobody wants what you have, it's not going to create dependency. Only items or skills that are deemed important create dependency. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 Topic: Dependency: The Key to Power Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills Objective: Creating Dependency Quest. Category: Application LO: 2

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31) Power tactics can be ...