Paediatric BLS algorithm - Safety, Stimulate, Shout & ABCDE approach PDF

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Summary

Information about using the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE) approach to assess and treat patients....

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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT AND CHOCKING INFANTS (UNDER 1 YEAR) – WHEN UNCONSCIOUS 1. SAFETY - Ensure safety in the environment and potential hazards such as broken glass, electrical cables, dangerous people, dogs and water spillage. 2. STIMULATE – Call out the patients name, shake the shoulders / arms / legs, tickling. Look for any response and signs of life (coughing, blinking, crying, circulation, breathing, conscious, responsive) 3. SHOUT – Call out for help and give them instructions to call 999 and ensure they come back to tell you when done. NOW… ASSESS AND TREAT… A. ASSESS + AIRWAY – Assess the patient by placing your hand on their forehead and two fingers under the jaw to achieve a neutral position whereby the face is parallel to the ceiling. LOOK, LISTEN AND FEEL FOR UP TO 10 SEC  Look for any obstruction in the airway and rising of the chest  Listen to breathing patterns  Feel for any breath by placing your cheek close to their face B. BREATHING – If no breathing is achieved, start 5 rescue breaths and come out for a breath each time. Must circle the infant’s mouth and nose. C. CIRCULATION – Check for signs of life and start chest compressions using two fingers in-between the nipple line with straight arms and locked elbows. Compress about 1/3 of the chest at the rate of 15 compressions and 2 ventilations. Repeat till ambulance arrives or fully resituated. Only 15 compressions because… Infants needs rescue breathing as they collapse due respiratory cause unlike adults because they are in their developing stage whereby they explore with their hands and mouth, learning to chew and eat and put everything in their mouth. CHILD (UP TO 16) 1. AIRWAY – Place hand on forehead and two fingers under the jaw to move the head into a vertical and sniffing position and maintain the airway in that position. 2. BREATHING – Look, Listen and Feel. If no breathing is heard, pinch the nose using your thumb and perform 5 rescue breaths while checking if the chest is rising. ______CHECK FOR SIGNS OF LIFE_________ 3. COMPRESSION – 1/3 into the chest, use the heel of the hand and lift the fingers and push down by the sternum. Make sure arm is locked and maintain the sniffing position. 15 compressions and 2 ventilations. Ask a bystander to help with compressions as there can be a delay when switching between compression and ventilation.

ADULT (16 AND OVER) 1. Safety 2. Stimulate by shaking shoulders, call out name 3. Shout A. Airway – Look for any obstruction or blockage if found; roll them over + if not; “Head tilt and chin lift” B. Breathing – Look, Listen and Feel for 10 sec C. Compression – Start 30 compressions and 2 ventilations. Begin chest compressions by placing interlocked hands on the middle of the chest and pushing 5/6cm down, 120bpm. Allow chest to recoil each time. No rescue breaths for adults as they collapse due to cardiac cause instead of respiratory. CHOCKING PROTOCOL 1. Effective or ineffective cough? Effective – encourage them to cough emotionally Ineffective- Move on to supporting and treating the patient Use the heel part of the hand to strike with reasonable force in between shoulder blades with the patient leaning forward. Use the technique called, Heimlich manoeuvre also known as abdominal thrust. Abdominal thrust lifts your diaphragm and expels air from your lungs. This causes the foreign object to be expelled from your airway. If they are unable to breathe and collapse, start SSS and ABC. For infant, use a rolled up nappy and place it under the neck to support the airway. Infants and child – 5 abdomial thrust for child and chest thrust for infants as they are not fully developed. Slap behind Adults – lean them forward and perform Heimlich manoeuvre + 5 slaps on the back...