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Paper Microfluidics Lizet Castillo Date: November 28, 2019 Class: Chem1100-08

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to find out which solution we had that worked best to separate each dye we received from our instructors and depending on how much drops of each liquid you need afterward we picked the one that separated the colors at best. Theory/Principles: I'm not sure if sodium chloride will use fewer drops or more but I’m going to say less and I also thing propanol will be fewer drops. But one thing that I'm sure of is that

water will most likely need the most drops out of all the solutions we use to separate the colors we have. Experimental Procedures: Step 1: we are to get the materials required by our instructor. Materials we got are 4 microfluidic chromatography papers, 5 dyes each different solution and 3 mixtures of 2 solutions and as well as 1 pipette tip. Step 2: Start off with water, which is one of the solutions that will separate the dyes, Then place each of the 5 dyes on channel 0 and also 3 dyes with another dye on top of it. Step 3: We then have to allow the dyes to dry for about one minute and the three mixtures with two dyes have to be dried for about two minutes. Step 4: Add some water in the middle of the microfluidic chromatography paper around 2 or 3 drops after that we repeated the same thing for the other two microfluidic chromatography papers, one for 20 percent propanol and the other for sodium chloride 0.1 percent. Data Tables/ Summary: Table 1: Water Separation Drops of water Seven drops of water used to separate

Dyes used in the 8 channels G3, R3, Y5, B2, B2 + G3, Y5 + R3, B1 + R3

the mixtures

Table 2: 20%-Propanol Drops of 20 percent -Propanol Ten drops of 20 percent -Propanol used to

Dyes used in the 8 channels G3, R3, Y5, B2, B2 + G3, Y5 + R3, B1 + R3

separate the mixtures Table 3: Aqueous Sodium Chloride 0.10% Drops of Aqueous Sodium Chloride 0.10%

Dyes used in the 8 channels

Four drops of the aqueous sodium chloride

G3, R3, Y5, B2, B2+G3, Y5+R3, B1+R3

0.10% used to separate the mixtures

Table 4: 20% -Propanol Drops of 20 Percent -Propanol

Dyes used in the 8 channels

Four drops of 20 Percent -Propanol used to

Z1, A1, H1, T1, B2+G3, Y5+R3, B1+R3

separate the mixtures

Pic of our group paper:

Results: Table 1: Water Dyes

Spot

Solvent

RF=?

G3 R3 Y5 B2 B2+G3

3cm 1cm 3cm 2cm 2.5cm

4.5cm 4.2cm 4.2cm 4.5cm 4.5cm

3cm/4.5cm=0.667cm 1cm/4.2cm=0.238cm 3cm/4.2cm=0.714cm 2cm/4.2cm=0.444cm 2.5cm/4.5cm=0.556c m

Y5+R3

3.5cm

4.5cm

3.5cm/4.5cm=0.778c

B1+R3

3.8 cm

4.4cm

m 3.8/4.4cm=0.863cm

Dyes G3

Spot 2.3cm

Solvent 3.5cm

RF=? 2.3cm/3.5cm=0.657c

R3

1.5cm

3.5cm

m 1.5cm/3.5cm=0.428c

Y5

2.5cm

3.7cm

m 2.5cm/3.7cm=0.675c

3.7cm

m 2.3cm/3.7cm=0.851c

Table 2: 20% Propanol

B2

2.3cm

B2+G3

2.1cm

3.4cm

m 2.1cm/3.4cm=0.617c

Y5+R3

2.0cm

3.1cm

m 2.0cm/3.1cm=0.645c

B1+R3

2.2 cm

3.3cm

m 2.2cm/3.3cm=0.667c m

Table 3: Sodium Chloride Dyes G3 R3 Y5 B2 B2+G3 Y5+R3 B1+R3

Spot 1.7cm 0.4cm 1.3cm 1.5cm 1.0cm 2.0cm 2.1cm

Solvent 3.0cm 2.4cm 2.5cm 2.8cm 3.2cm 3.0cm 3.2cm

RF=? 1.7cm/3.0cm=0.567cm 0.4cm/2.4cm=0.167cm 1.3cm/2.5cm=0.520cm 1.5cm/2.8cm=0.535cm 1.0cm/3.2cm=0.3125cm 2.0cm/3.0cm=0.667cm 2.1cm/3.2cm=0.65625c m

Table 4: 20% Propanol Dyes Z1

Spot 2.3cm

Solvent 1.5cm

RF=? 2.3cm/1.5cm=1.533c

A1

1.5cm

2.5cm

m 1.5cm/2.5cm=0.600c

H1

2.8cm

T1

1.5cm

2.7cm

m 2.8cm/2.7cm=1.037c

2.5cm

m 1.5cm/2.5cm=0.600c

B2+G3

2.5cm

2.7cm

m 2.5cm/2.7cm=0.925c

Y5+R3

1.0cm

3.0cm

m 1.0cm/3.0cm=0.333c

B1+R3

2.0cm

2.7cm

m 2.0cm/2.7cm=0.740c m

Conclusion: So the paper chromatography techniques was to separate the color dyes we received from our instructure. Once we had the color separating from each other what we have to do is pick from one of channels with the best separation and pick that to say that solution mixture had the best separation. But before that when we added drops to the center of the circle of colors we made sure the place it on top of 3 beakers and or hold it straight from the corners so that we would have the best end result we could have. We also made sure to add only one tiny drop of each color on top of each other is that it would be an even mixture of both colors and not one color more than the other.

Questions: 1. A.) If you let the color dyes dry for too long than the dyes might not separate properly. However, if the dyes are completely liquid than the dyes might separate faster than it should. B.)Depend on the mobile phase because the faster it goes than the higher chance the spot will get to the last channel than if it wasn’t. Depending on the polarity the size of the end spot will become faster low polarity the spot Becomes larger. C.) It means how well the solvent is to dissolve in the color dye, the less it's closer the end spot is from the mark 0 then than greater it is to dissolve the dye. D.) My group concluded that the amount of drops of the separation requires the

most of the time for the dyes to reach its full size and the further the dye travels from the marked zero than the less time is required for the run. A.) so, Propanol should washout B1 out of the cotton shirt because is more likely dissolving more than the rest of the solutions. B.) so we decide that Propanol would have been the best for washing. 2. A.) Its Ionic compounds, molecular/hydrogen bonding. B.) i.) so our group decided that the dye with the largest Rf value was G3 for sodium chloride. The spot was about 2.3 cm and the solvent value was about 1.5cm. ii.) we as a group concluded the dye with the smallest Rf value was R3 for water and the spot was around 1.0 cm and the solvent value was 4.2cm. Works Cited Goldwhite, Harold et al. Experiments In General Chemistry. Macmillan Learning Curriculum Solutions, 2018....