Past simple e perfect simple PDF

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Spiegazione dettagliata del Past simple e Perfect simple...

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Tal v ol t aci si conf ondesul l ' us odei duet empi del l ' i ndi cat i v oi ngl es e,i lSi mpl ePaste i l Pr esentPer f ect ,cheposs onoess er et r adot t ii ni t al i anoconi l Pass at oPr ossi mo del l ' i ndi cat i v o. Adesempi ol af r as e" Hoi ncont r at odeimi eiami ci "puòesser et r adot t ai ni ngl esecon ent r ambi iduet empi ,ec i oè: Imetsomeofmyf r i ends Ihavemetsomeofmyf r i ends Seper òi nt r oducounr i f er i ment ot empor al e,l ascel t at r ai duet empi di v ent aobbl i gat or i a: Yest er dayImetsomeofmyf r i ends TodayIhavemetsomeofmyf r i ends Cosaèc ambi at onel moment oi nc ui housat oYest er dayeToday? Si f ar i f er i ment oadunper i ododit empoconcl uso,fini t o( Yest er day)ononc oncl uso,che ar r i v aal pr esent e( Today) . Perc ompr ender emegl i ol aquest i onesi sugger i scedic onsul t ar el at abel l achesegue.

Pr esentPer f ec t

Si mpl ePast

Es empi

I lper i ododit empo i ncui si ès v ol t a l ' az i onenonè anc or ac onc l us o

I lper i ododit empoi n c uis i ès v ol t al ' az i one èc ompl et ament e c oncl us o

Ihaveseen3movi est hi sweek( ques t a s et t i mananons i èanc or ac oncl us a) Isaw 3movi esl astweek( l as c or s aset t i mana èdefi ni t i v ament ec oncl us a)

Not i z i eo i nf or maz i onir ecent i i cui effet t is i f anno anc or as ent i r eal pr es ent e

Not i z i eoi nf or maz i oni or maidat at ec henon hannopi ùeffet t oal pr es ent e

Mar t i nhascr ashedhi scaragai n( ques t aè unai nf or maz i oner ec ent eei nt endef or se s ot t ol i near ec heMar t i nnonhal ' aut oa di spos i z i onei nquant oèdal mecc ani coi n r i par az i one) Mar t i ncr ashedhi scarl astyear( quest aè unav ec chi anot i z i ac henonc ompor t aal c un effet t oalpr es ent e)

I lper i ododit empo puònoness er e s pec i fi cat o

I lper i ododit empoè s empr espec i fic at o, anc hei nmodo s ot t i nt eso

Ihaveseent hatmovi eal r eady( Non s appi amoquando) Isaw t hatmovi eonThur sday( Sappi amo es at t ament equando,gi ov edì )

Conf oresi nce, quandol eaz i oni nons onoanc or a fi ni t e

Conf oresi nce, quandol eaz i oni s onogi àfini t e

Ihavel i vedi nLondonf orfiveyear s( Vi v o anc or aaLondr a) Il i vedi nLondonf orfiveyear s( Nonv i v opi ù aLondr aoggi )

PRESENT PERFECT Metti i verbi che trovi tra parentesi al present perfect stando attento alle forme negative, interrogative e interrogative negative! Le soluzioni sono in fondo alla pagina. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

“Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some.” “Where you (be)?” – “I (be) to the dentist.” “I (not finish) the newspaper yet.” “Someone (take) my bicycle.” “You (hear) from her recently?” “You ever (leave) a restaurant without paying the bill?” “Why he (not finish)? He (have) lots of time.” “I often (see) him but I never (speak) to him.” “She (not see) the film and she (not read) the book.” “You (not make) a mistake in this exercise?”

PRESENT PERFECT & PAST SIMPLE Metti i verbi che trovi tra parentesi nel tempo giusto. Entrambe le risposte sono possibili MA in una una delle due il verbo va coniugato con il past simple e nell’altra con il present perfect. A te la scelta! Le soluzioni sono in fondo alla pagina. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

“Have they done their homework?” a) “Yes, they (do) it all.” b) “Yes, they (do) it before they left school.” “Have you been here before?” a) “Yes, I (come) here when I was a boy.” b) “Yes, I (be) here three times.” “Have you paid the phone bill?” a) “Yes, I (pay) the phone bill and the gas bill.” b) “Yes, I (pay) it while you were away.” “Has your dog ever attacked anybody?” a) “Yes, he (attack) a policeman last Tuesday.” b) “Yes, he (attack) me and my brother.” “Have you seen his garden?” a) “No, I (not see) it yet.” b) “I (see) the house on Monday but I (not see) the garden.”

PRESENT PERFECT vs. PAST SIMPLE Metti i verbi che trovi tra parentesi nel tempo giusto scegliendo tra il present perfect e il past simple. In alcuni casi (sono veramente pochissimi) la scelta del tempo potrebbe dipendere dall’interpretazione che si da alle intenzioni comunicative di chi parla! Le soluzioni sono in fondo alla pagina. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

“Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.” “My brother (write) a lot of plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy.” “I (fly) over Loch Ness last week.” – “Really? You (see) the Loch Ness monster?” “When he (arrive)?” – “He (arrive) at two o’clock.” “You (close) the door before you left the house?” “I can’t go out because I (not finish) my work.”

7. 8. 9. 10.

“I (write) the letter but I can’t find a stamp.” “He (do) this type of work when he (be) in Germany.” “You (have) breakfast yet?” – “Yes, I (have) it at eight o’clock.” “You ever (be) to Spain?” – “Yes, I (spend) my holidays there last year.” – “You (have) a good time?” – “No, it (rain) all the time.” 11. I (buy) this in Bond Street.” – “How much it (cost)?” – “It (cost) £100.” 12. I (lose) my black gloves. You (see) them?” – “No, when you (lose) them?” – “I don’t know. I (wear) them to the theatre last night.” – “Maybe you (leave) them there.” 13. “I (read) his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) them very much.” 14. “Do you know that lady who just (leave) the shop?” – “Yes, she is Miss Thrift. Is she a customer of yours?” – “Not exactly. She (come) into my shop lots of times but she never (buy) anything.” 15. “He (leave) the house at seven o’clock.” – “Where he (go)?” – “I (not see) where he (go).” 16. “You (like) your last job?” – “I (like) it in the beginning.” 17. “That is Mr Minus who teaches me mathematics. He (not have) time to teach me much because I only (start) lessons a week ago.” 18. “You ever (try) to stop smoking?” – “Yes, I (try) last year, but then I (find) that I was getting fat so I (start) again. 19. “Where you (find) this knife?” – “I (find) it in the garden.” – “Why you (not leave) it there?” 20. “You (see) today’s paper?” – “No, anything interesting (happen)?” – “Yes, some of the patients (escape) from our local mental hospital.” 21. “I just (receive) a letter that says we (not pay) our last gas bill. I (not give) you the money for that last week?” – “Yes, but I’m afraid I (spend) it on other things.” 22. “You (finish) checking his thesis?” – “No, I (check) about half of it.” 23. “What are all those people looking at?” – “There (be) an accident.” – “You (see) what (happen)?” – “Yes, a motor cycle (run) into a lorry.” 24. “I (phone) you twice yesterday and (get) no answer.” 25. “When I (buy) my new house I (ask) for a telephone. The Post Office (tell) me to wait, but I (wait) for a year now and my phone still (not come).”

VERSIONE CORRETTA PRESENT PERFECT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

“Would you like some coffee? I have just made some.” “Where have you been?” – “I’ve been to the dentist.” “I haven’t finished the newspaper yet.” “Someone has taken my bicycle.” “Have you heard from her recently?” “Have you ever left a restaurant without paying the bill?” “Why hasn’t he finished? He’s had lots of time.” “I have often seen him but I have never spoken to him.” “She hasn’t seen the film and she hasn’t read the book.” “Haven’t you made a mistake in this exercise?”

PRESENT PERFECT & PAST SIMPLE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

“Have they done their homework?” a) “Yes, they have done it all.” b) “Yes, they did it before they left school.” “Have you been here before?” a) “Yes, I came here when I was a boy.” b) “Yes, I’ve been here three times.” “Have you paid the phone bill?” a) “Yes, I’ve paid the phone bill and the gas bill.” b) “Yes, I paid it while you were away.” “Has your dog ever attacked anybody?” a) “Yes, he attacked a policeman last Tuesday.” b) “Yes, he’s attacked me and my brother.” “Have you seen his garden?” a) “No, I haven’t seen it yet.” b) “I saw the house on Monday but I didn’t see* the garden.” * Possibile seconda formulazione: “…but I haven’t seen the garden.” Solo nel caso in cui chi parla nutre ancora delle speranze di poter vedere il giardino qualche giorno.

PRESENT PERFECT vs. PAST SIMPLE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

“Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.” “My brother’s written a lot of plays. He’s just finished his second tragedy.” “I flew over Loch Ness last week.” – “Really? Did you see the Loch Ness monster?” “When did he arrive?” – “He arrived at two o’clock.” “Did you close the door before you left the house?” “I can’t go out because I haven’t finished my work.” “I’ve written the letter but I can’t find a stamp.” “He did this type of work when he was in Germany.” “Have you had breakfast yet?” – “Yes, I had it at eight o’clock.” “Have you ever been to Spain?” – “Yes, I spent my holidays there last year.” – “Did you have a good time?” – “No, it rained all the time.” 11. I bought this in Bond Street.” – “How much did it cost?” – “It cost £100.” 12. I’ve lost my black gloves. Have you seen them?” – “No, when did you lose them?” – “I don’t know. I wore them to the theatre last night.” – “Maybe you left them there.” 13. “I read his books when I was at school. I enjoyed them very much.” 14. “Do you know that lady who’s just left the shop?” – “Yes, she is Miss Thrift. Is she a customer of yours?” – “Not exactly. She’s come into my shop lots of times but she’s never bought anything.” 15. “He left the house at seven o’clock.” – “Where did he go?” – “I didn’t see where he went.” 16. “Did you like your last job?” – “I liked it in the beginning.” 17. “That is Mr Minus who teaches me mathematics. He hasn’t had time to teach me much because I only started lessons a week ago.”

18.

“Have you ever tried to stop smoking?” – “Yes, I tried last year, but then I found that I was getting fat so I started* again. 19. “Where did you find this knife?” – “I found it in the garden.” – “Why didn’t you leave it there?” 20. “Have you seen today’s paper?” – “No, has anything interesting happened?” – “Yes, some of the patients have escaped from our local mental hospital.” 21. “I have just received a letter that says we haven’t paid** our last gas bill. Didn’t I give you the money for that last week?” – “Yes, but I’m afraid I spent*** it on other things.” 22. “Have you finished checking his thesis?” – “No, I’ve checked about half of it.” 23. “What are all those people looking at?” – “There has been an accident.” – “Did you see what happened?” – “Yes, a motor cycle ran into a lorry.” 24. “I phoned you twice yesterday and got no answer.” 25. “When I bought my new house I asked for a telephone. The Post Office told me to wait, but I’ve waited for a year now and my phone still hasn’t come.” * Possibile seconda formulazione: “…I’ve started again.” Solo nel caso in cui chi parla ha appena ricominciato a fumare. ** Possibile seconda formulazione: “…says we didn’t pay our last gas bill.” Solo nel caso in cui chi parla si riferisce più alla data di scadenza dell’ultima bolletta e non tanto al fatto che dovrà comunque pagarla. *** Possibile seconda formulazione: “…I’m afraid I’ve spent it on other things.” Solo nel caso in cui chi parla vuole mettere l’enfasi sul fatto che i soldi non ci sono più piuttosto che sulle spese fatte....