Persuasive Speaking notes PDF

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Summary

Lecture notes for Pro. Haynie-Deforest from her powerpoint. She has a tendency to go too fast for most people, but I managed to get the important stuff. ...

Description

To convince and/or make them believe “Move to action” Proposition Same outline To influence the beliefs and/or behavior of audience members Five characteristics Convincing arguments Use of Emotions that increase your audience’s involvement Develop credibility by demonstrating goodwill Use incentives to motivate Use and effective organizational pattern Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) Explains how likely people are to spend time evaluating information in an elaborate way, using their critical thinking skills, rather than processing information in a simpler, less critical manner Central Route A more intense, time-consuming and mentally challenging method of making decisions Important decisions Opinions and decisions that are slow to form and strongly held Persuaded by sound reason and critical analysis Peripheral Route A shortcut in decision making that relies on simple cues Less important decisions We are less committed to attitudes and decisions Decisions are made based on emotional appeal Proposition A declarative sentence that clearly indicates the speaker’s position on the topic Propositions of Attitude/Belief Propositions of Action Audience Attitude

Opposed

Consider a proposition that moves your audience in the direction you would like Do not expect to change their mind Plant the seed of doubt Neutral Uninformed - need basic information Impartial - need elaborate and secondary arguments and more robust evidence Apathetic - personalize the topic for them Get involved In favor Mildly in favor - reinforce and strengthen their beliefs Strongly in favor - build on the belief and move the audience to act on it Reasons and Support Reasons Main point statement that summarize several related pieces of evidence Shows why you should believe or do something Supporting materials Evidence that buttress the reasons Finding reasons Based on your research, list all of the potential reasons Judge the quality of each reason use this criteria Is the reason directly related to proving the proposition Do i have strong evidence to support a reason Will this reason be persuasive for the audience Argument - the logical relationship between the proposition Arguing by examples support a claim by providing one or more examples Arguing by analogy support a claim with a single comparable example that is significantly similar to the subject of the claim Arguing from causation support a claim by citing events that have occured to bring about the claim Arguing by sign support a claim by citing information that signals the claim Avoiding fallacies of reasoning Hasty generalization reasoning that is either not supported with evidence on perhaps in supported with only one weak example

False cause when the alleged cause you use for your reason fails to be related to, or to produce the effect Ad hominem argument attacks the person making the argument rather than the argument itself Emotional appeals Negative emotional involvement Fear, guilt, shame, anger, and sadness Positive emotional involvement happiness/job, pride, relief, hope and compassion Demonstrating goodwill Goodwill - the audience’s perception that the speaker understands, empathizes with, and is responsive to them Personalize your information Identify emotionally with the audience members’ views Show care about the audience by acknowledging them Motivating your audience to act Motivation - the general desire or willingness for someone to do something Incentive a thing that encourages someone to do something, satisfying Physical Psychological Social Outweighing costs Understand the cost associated with the proposal Reconsider cost Payoff...