Public Speaking Notes 1 PDF

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Part 1 of the Fall Public Lecture Speaking Notes...

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Public Speaking Notes Lecture 1 History, Communication Model, and Definitions The Meaning and Purpose of public speaking

 Engagement o In general, public speaking features some type of communication between the speaker and the audience

o In most cases the speaker does most of the talking o The audience listens and provides formal feedback o Public speaking is audience centered  Presentation should be about them o Effective speakers take into consideration and analyze the interests and needs of the target audience

 Adapt the presentation to the specific occasion accordingly

 Tailor the speech to the listeners  Focuses on oral communication o The spoken word o While effective speakers do spend most of their time speaking to the audience, they also use other modes of communication to deliver an effective message

 Gestures, posture, eye contact, inflection of the voice, visuals

 Not only the actual content but also how we say it  Important to remember the most effective speakers are the ones who spend significant time preparing for their presentation

 Ps is considered a mode of communication that involves a prepared presentation  Even in an impromptu scenario where we deliver a presentation without warning  We have to put together a set of relevant ideas on the spot  This distinguishes an effective speaker from the average presenter  What are the advantages o No matter what you do in life, you will be asked to deliver presentation  In courses, internships, jobs, and in community settings o Can also be a situation where you will be asked to present when you least expect it  If a reporter comes to you and asks you to make as statement o Employers today cite communication skills as one of the most important qualities in a job candidate o Community setting  Likely that you will have to do some form of speaking  Making a bid, talking to the council  Social settings  Best man, maid of honor  History o Ancient times  How the public discourse was conducted

 Ancient Greece and Rome  People would argue their viewpoints and try to convinve the citizens one or more of their ideas o Revolutionary and US  Boston tea party  Numerous ones framing the Bill of Rights and the Constitution  The Lincoln Douglas debate  The first presidential debates in the US  Women’s Suffrage movement  Convincing people to support the cause for woman to vote o Public Address  The ability to address large crowds and motivate them for some type of action  Flourished in the 2000’s  Ronald Reagan  Tear down that wall  Martin Luther King Junior o Today  Digital communication  Allows us to connect with even larger audiences virtually  Just like the online classes right now  Originally through the television  Many industries continue to prefer or support the inperson type of presentation

 Slowly changing  Mediate communication allows us to deliver that same message with a comparable effect o Much quicker and cheap o It is not practical to fly across the globe when you can deliver the same presentation online  Comedy shows count as ps  Theoretical Perspective o A dynamic discipline and mode of communication o The speaker and the audience serving as the messenger ad the receiver o Takes place constantly to achieve communication o You cannot have an effective speech without connecting ot your target audience  Still have the process of encoding and decoding information  If the audience has accepted you  The basic or transactional model of communication o Between the exchange formation from person A to person B and vice versa  Feedback that's going both ways  The message is going both ways and the messages are interpreted based on the individuals frame of reference o If you have an audience of 50 people and you make a presentation it is not likely even though they're all hearing the

same thing they perceive the speaker and his or her effectiveness of the message in terms of content delivery in the same way and  That is because in the differences of the worldview and because of the different outcomes of the encoding and decoding processes  Noise o Is defined as anything that interferes with the communication processes o Internal noise  Referring to that communicators themselves  You went to attend a lecture but you had a headache  You're not paying attention to the presenter o External noise  You go to the lecture auditorium and it's really cold/hot  More likely to distract you from paying attention to the presentation and  That's where feedback comes o Very critical in public speaking o Part of the audience centered approach that we focus on for effective presentation so o The speaker does really need to be turned in to the audience and the reactions and adjust the content and delivery running lead

o If you're presenting in front of an audience of 50 people and you see that about 25% of them are sleeping you need to adjust accordingly  Make fun somebody o Try to figure out why is it that there are sleeping  One person may be tired but 1/4 of them being tired that sounds weird o If you have an audience that's really enthusiastic and there interacting with you and you can see that there is evidence that that the presentation is going good  Comes down to the idea of critical thinking o How important this to critically information when it comes to developing your presentation figuring out o Sorting through the information and deciding what will be the most relevant content o How to present that content depending on your target audience is part of this preparation process  Public speaking and assessing the effectiveness of presentations o The concept of ethics generally speaking are defined as the roots of values that are used to guide our contact  Decide one is right and one is wrong o The challenge is when we are in situations or scenarios where the right decision is not obviously clear that's where you have an ethical dilemma or a gray area  Ethical Dilemmas o Using sound reasoning to develop your argument

o Make sure that there are no logical fallacy's  Providing credit for if you use the work of other people communicating truthfully  There are variations or scenarios where things are not as clear  What do you do if you are in the position of the audience and you're listening somebody presenting and you feel that what they're saying is completely wrong that is something that really needs to stop  Very often misinterpreted is the difference between ethical speeds and legally protected speech  When it comes to the legalities the law is pretty clear especially in the United States turning to the First Amendment  We do have the protection of free speech and we can express their viewpoints as we say fit so that is legally protected right  What we say maybe legal that doesn't make it ethical  Something you do want to be aware of… o There are exceptions to the First Amendment protection in the United States and that includes things like- slander, fighting words, or obscene language o Exceptions to that now of course  You may be looking at this and thinking well that reminds me of a specific area of communication…..

 Politics  One of the most legally protected and privileged forms of expression under the 1st Amendment of the United States constitution  Very hard to prove and you will have to prove to cover case that there's been slander or words that are of painting or obscene  Something you do want to keep in mind again as you evaluate different presentations and tricky speech  You could have something that is legal and you can see  So you could have a presentation that is legal you know doing anything illegal by expressing your views that is protected but that doesn't mean it has been communicated truthfully, not hiding the facts o One of the big debates in persuasive speaking especially is whether the presenters should state one or both sides of the same argument  Plagiarism o Comes from the Latin word plagiarius which means kidnapper  Kidnapping someone else’s work and using it as your own o It's a federal offense and can get you in really big trouble both in an academic and professional setting o One of the major misconceptions that I want to really drive home is that there is this idea that when it comes to presenting

versus writing something that the plagiarism rules could be further from truth because of the citations o An announcement of the work of others is something that applies equally to both oral and written communication o Really important for you to keep in mind  Remember when in doubt always cite your sources  Say where you got the information from, give proper credit both in in writing and in speaking o Position of the audience  You always want to think about how you would be perceived from the audience and vice versa  You feel that the speaker is saying something that you do not really like and how you raise your point is important  Express your views and try to say why you disagree not in a way that's aggressive that you're attacking the presenter  Or you can do it in a way that's respectful and trying to generate some discussion...