Public Speaking Notes: Chapters 1 - 3 PDF

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Summary

Notes were taken in class over the lecture when going over chapters 1 through 3. Taken in Dr. Wise's class on a google doc...

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Chapter One Freedom of speech - Everyone has the right to say what they want when they want - Doesn’t mean anyone has to listen to what you have to say - Just because you can say it doesn’t mean you should - Hate speech is not protected by the constitution unless it presents a threat Reasons to be a good speaker - Frequently required to give presentations in college - It will be used throughout life and careers Communication is a Transactional Process Communication vs. Public Speaking - Communication is a transactional process of sharing meaning with others - Public Speaking is an act of communication in which a clearly identified speaker presents a message in a formal manner to an audience of multiple listeners to achieve a specific purpose Communication Competence - Effectiveness: Achieves goals - Appropriateness: Speaking by the rules - Every communication context is guided by rules - A rule is a prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, prohibited, or preferred in a given context Competency Model - Knowledge: Learning Rules - Skills: Ability to communicate effectively - Sensitivity: Receptive accuracy for detaching decoding, and comprehending signals - Commitment: Passion for doing your best - Ethics: System for judging moral correctness Rules for speaking - Look presentable - Have respect: Treat others as you would like to be treated - Honesty: do not steal someone else’s words and ideas - Fairness: Play by the rules - Choice: Allow people to make their own choices free from coercion - Responsibility: Consider the consequences of your speech Plagiarism - Selective plagiarism: stealing a portion of someone else’s speech or writings - Blatant Plagiarism: Stealing an entire speech and presentation that isn’t your own

Chapter 2: Speech Anxiety -

It is ok to be nervous and anxious It is the fear of public speaking and the nervousness that accompanies that fear

Speech Anxiety as a Challenge - Fear can negatively affect your performance - Speech anxiety is a common experience that can be intense, but managed - Managing speech anxiety requires specific preparation techniques Fight or flight response - A natural defense- alarm process triggered by stress from a potential threat - Symptoms include accelerated heartbeat, increased respiration, and increased blood pressure Fight or Flight in Public Speaking - Quivering, tense Voice - Weak Projection - Frequent disfluencies (e.g. “um” or “uh”) - Going Blank - Rigid, motionless posture - Dry mouth Dysfunctional vs. Functional Anxiety - Dysfunctional: Prevents you from giving your speech in some manner - Functional: Still able to function and fight or flight response is managed #1 Cause of Dysfunctional Anxiety - Self-defeating thoughts are grounded in the excessive concern that your audience will judge and reject you Other Causes - Catastrophic thinking - Perfectionist Thinking - The illusion of transparency - Desire for complete approval Anxiety Provoking Situations 1. Novelty of speaking situation - Fear what is unpredictable or unfamiliar 2. Conspicuousness 3. Specific types of speeches Managing Speech Anxiety 1. Preparation 2. Practice 3. Proper Perspective 4. Positive Imaging

Strategies - Don’t procrastinate - Begin research well in advance - Organize and outline your speech carefully - Do not consume alcohol or tranquilizers prior to your presentation - Do consume a light healthy snack - Practice! - Reframe your performance with communication driven discussion - Practice you speech conversationally - Practice positive, constructive self-talk

Chapter 3: Audience & Topic Selection There are 5 types of Audiences 1. Captive 2. Committed 3. Contrary 4. Concerned 5. Casual Captive Audience: Disengaged Listeners Committed Audience: Agreeable Listeners - Voluntarily assembles to invest time into listening to the speaker Contrary Audience: Hostile Listeners - More likely to engage in ambushing - Speakers should diffuse the audience’s anger not ignite it further Concerned Audience: Eager Listeners - Gather voluntary because they care about the issues and ideas Casual Audience: Unexpected Listeners - The audience might hear a speaker and stop out of curiosity or casual interest Adapting to Diverse Audiences - Establish Identification - Build Credibility - Adapt to the situation - Adapt while speaking

Establish Identification - Likeability - Stylistic Similarity - Substantive Similarity Building Credibility - Competence - Trustworthiness - Dynamism - Composure Adapt to the Situation - Remain flexible in adapting to variations of physical settings and the size of your audience - Be mindful of the situation - Look at the space you are speaking in before you give your speech Topic Choice and Audience Adaption - Four ways to explore potential speech topics 1. Do a personal inventory 2. Brainstorm new possibilities 3. Crowdsource by seeking group wisdom 4. Scan books, magazines, newspapers, and websites for ideas - Don’t make your topic too broad - No inappropriate topics...