Physics Flashcards (Study for Test 8) PDF

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Physics Flashcards (Studying for Test 8) Abeka Academy Transverse Waves rope

Waves traveling along a

Wave pulse

A moving disturbance

Wave train

A series of waves

Wave Two opposite pulses in succession constitute a single.... Elastic medium When one particle moves any particle bound to it by elastic force must move a moment later in the same fashion. In general, a wave can travel through crest The highest point of displacement equilibrium The position of not net change Simple harmonic motion Is oscillation due to a restorative force that is proportional to the

displacement from a central or equilibrium position sinusoidal The wave form generated by a harmonic oscillator is called ____ trough The lowest point of displacement frequency For any periodic wave train, the number of waves that pass a given point per unit time is equal to wave ___ Periodic The sinusoidal wave since the same wavelength appears at regular intervals along the path of the train speed Is the linear advance per unit time period The time required for a single wave to pass a given point wavelength The distance from one crest to the next or from one trough to the next or from any point on a wave to the corresponding point on the next wave lambda

Represents wavelength

amplitude The maximum displacement caused by a wave train known as interface The waves as a whole is confined to the boundary One dimensional wave A wave moving along a rope, string or wire Circular wave shape

Each wave because of its

Three-dimensional waveA sound wave Two- dimensional wave considered a water wave Straight waveAt a long distance from the center of distance a small portion of a circular wave front has very little curvature rayAn arrow indicating the direction wave motion wavefront A circle drawn thru all pts having the same displacement in the same circular wave

Plane wave At a long distance from the source of disturbance a small portion of a spherical wave front has little curvature Spherical wave A wave traveling 3d outwardly from a source Rarefaction pulse

Is sent through the spring

Compression pulse Begins trading to the rt. medium

Particles that carry the energy

One wavelength Generally defined as the distance from one compression to the next Longitudinal pulse Waves due to particles oscillating parallel to the direction of wave motion reflection The turning back of wave motion at an interface between media normal

A line perpendicular to the surface

Angle of incidence The angle between the incoming direction of the water the normal of the barrier

Angle of reflection The angle between the outgoing direction of the water and the normal to the same surface echo Reflected sound must be 55ft in order to hear this Law of reflection It is true for all reflection that the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal, this generalization holds for any kind of wave at any reflective boundary (in other wards the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence sonar the use of sound waves to judge distances under water or to locate submerge objects (sound navigation and ranging) diffraction The spreading out of a wave after it passes through a narrow opening refraction the change in direction after two or three dimensional waves [as obliquely into a region where they either speed up or slow down

Constructive interference When the present displacement of a particle in a wave medium is greater as a result of superposition Composite wave train The wave train produced by superposition of different wave trains Principle of superposition States that when two or more waves are traveling simultaneously through the same point in a medium the displacement of any particle at that point is the algebraic sum of the displacements that would be caused by the waves separated Deconstructive interference The opposite effect-smaller displacement as a result of superposition Envelope of oscillation The outline of maximum displacement loop The portion of string between any two consecutive nodes

antinode Any pt. usually at the amplitude position) where the medium moves with the combined energy of two wave train node Any point where the medium remains undisturbed because of wave interference is called.... Standing wave train The oscillation of a s string with nodes and displacement This undulating variation in displacement of the molecules along the path of a sound wave Pressure wave train The undulating variation in pressure on the molecules along the path of a sound wave Elastic movement Resists any departure form uniform pressure sound The movement of longitudinal waves through an elastic medium whether solid, liquid, or gas

Standing wave

The motion of a single loop

anti-nodescaused by wave reflection Doppler Effect Any shift in the wavelength and frequency of waves due to motion of the sources or to motion of the observer Sonic boom Which may contain enough energy to shatter windows Shock wave A violent disturbance traveling outward Supersonic Speed barrier Decibel

The breaking of the sound

Is one tenth of a bel

Relative intensityLoudness is a measure of.. Nonlinear receiver intensity

The ear is a __of sound

loudness The human perception of intensity Threshold of Hearing The lowest intensity detectable by a person with normal hearing is slightly below 10 -12 W/M2

intensity The strength of sound is represented by a quantity known as .. pitch our perception of audible frequency sonic waves

sound waves are also called

sonic spectrum The frequency range of these sonic waves traveling through elastic media and the spectrum is very broad mean free path the average distance of travel between collisions audio spectrum the range of frequencies or wavelengths that can be heard is called ultrasonic waves sonic waves with frequencies above 20000Hz the upper limit of the audio range are classified as... infrasonic waves sonic waves below 20 Hz are classified as cavitation when passed through a liquid ultrasound at high intensity causes this, the formation of cavities

Alhazen the Arab scholar and known as the father of scientific optics camera obscura a device that had long been used to observed eclipses rectilinear propagation a clear image is possible because light travels in a straight line Christiaan Huygens Proposed that light must be a wave because it exhibits the wave properties of reflection and refraction corpusclesAnother name for particles is called Interference When light is shone through two adjacent pinholes, a screen behind them displays a pattern alternating bright and dark bands Infrared rays The invisible rays that affected this thermometry have a frequency below the frequency of red light Electromagnetic waves Light represents a narrow band of frequencies on a broad spectrum photons

Tiny bundles or particles of light

Wave-particle duality Light can exists as both a wave and particles 3.00 X 10^8 m/s The speed of light in a vacuum monochromatic list of a single frequency or within a narrow range of frequency corresponding to the same color transulent a well-defined of the source is however denied to the viewer if the object is made opaque when light falls on a nontransparent or...the individual are wither reflect back into their original medium pure color a color without any tinting brightnessis our subjective response to the intensity of reflected light pigments the difference arises because dye and paint have textures and depths that refract light absorb light scatter and reflect light

subtractive secondaries Red, blue and green are subtractive primaries pigments colors are derived from cyan, magnetic and yellow gray a surface that reflects between 10%and 80% of the light any frequencies hue is the quantitative aspect of color referring redness, blueness, or some other color quality color filter a sheet of material that is transparent to some frequencies and opaque to others transparent if the surface belongs to an object made of ___ material light is transmitted complementary colors two colors if their additive mixture is white secondary colors is a blend of two primaries in equal amounts primary colors the red, green, and blue, produced by thirds of the spectrum are called

black may be regarded as the absence of all colors of light white maybe be regarded as the sum of all colors of light additive mixing when two or more kinds of monochromatic light are blended and shown to the eye composite light when two or more monochromatic lights are mixed solar spectrum light of the sun

obtainable from the white

color our perception of the frequency of light Ultraviolet the frequencies are beyond violet's frequency Visible light Defined as the range of electromagnetic frequencies to which the eye responds 6.63 x 10-34J*s

Planck's constant

Infrared Since these long wavelengths produce frequencies lower than the frequency of visible red light...