Physics Notes Pt. 3 - Basic terms, quiz questions...etc PDF

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Basic terms, quiz questions...etc...

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Physics Notes Pt. 3 -

If the speed of a bicycle is reduced to half before skidding to a stop, it will skid -

-

A bicycle that travels twice as fast as another when braking to a stop will skid -

-

moving

No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because -

-

four times as far.

An object that has kinetic energy must be -

-

one-fourth as far.

the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion.

Two identical arrows, one with twice the speed of the other, are fired into a bale of hay. Compared with penetration of the slow arrow, the faster arrow penetrates -

-

four times as far

the work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying the same force is -

-

twice as much

A clerk can lift cylindrical packages 1 meter vertically, or can roll them up a 2-meter-long ramp to the same elevation. With the ramp, the applied force required is about -

-

An object has gravitational potential energy due to its -

-

bottom of its swing

The work done in pushing a TV set a distance of 2 m with an average force of 20 N is -

-

momentum

The bob of a simple pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy at the -

-

location

If an all-electric car has kinetic energy, then it also must have -

-

half as much

40 J

A light aluminum ball and a heavy lead ball of the same size roll down an incline. When they are halfway down the incline, they will have identical -

None of the above

-

A car's engine is 20% efficient. When cruising, the car encounters an average retarding force of 1000 N. If the energy content of fuel is 40 megajoules per liter, how many kilometers per liter does the car achieve? -

-

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a nice hot bath would be a -

-

shorter experience

Which unit represents the most energy? -

-

8

calorie

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the -

-

A substance that heats up relatively slowly has a -

-

thermal equlibrium

The quantity of heat that a substance can transfer relates to its -

-

high specific heat capacity

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates -

-

kelvin scale

all of the above

Aluminum has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. This means that for equal masses of aluminum and iron, the metal that heats more quickly when the same amount of heat is applied is -

-

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows -

-

from your finger to the ice.

The air in your room is composed of molecules that have -

-

iron.

a wide variety of speeds.

Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be -

-

copper

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a -

low specific heat capacity.

-

Heat energy travels from an object with a high -

-

Which temperature scale has the smallest sized degrees? -

-

temperature to an object with a lower temperature

Fahrenheit

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that the specific heat capacity of sand is relatively -

-

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has -

-

higher temperature, but less internal energy.

When you touch a hot potato with your finger, energy flows -

-

low

from the potato to your finger.

Tomatoes have a higher specific heat capacity than dough. This means that when you bite into a hot pizza -

-

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is -

-

the tomato sauce feels hotter than the dough.

4.19 joules.

Pour two liters of water at 40°C into one liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes -

-

Which temperature scales have equal sized degrees? -

-

more than 30°C.

Celsius and Kelvin

Place a 1-kilogram block of iron at 40°C into 1 kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes -

-

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about -

-

less than 30°C.

300 K

Pour a liter of water at 40°C into a liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes -

-

at or about 30°C.

A substance that cools down faster than others has a -

low specific heat capacity

-

Temperature is most closely related to molecular -

-

When 10 grams of hot water cool by 1°C, the amount of heat given off is -

-

41.9 joules.

If the specific heat of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold winter would be -

-

kinetic energy.

more likely to freeze.

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a watermelon in a picnic cooler would cool in a -

-

shorter time.

The specific heat capacity is highest for substances that absorb or release large quantities of heat for correspondingly -

-

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's -

-

release energy

Wrapping a hot potato in aluminum foil significantly reduces the rate at which it cools by -

-

condensing on our bodies.

When liquids change to a solids, they -

-

both of these

We feel uncomfortably warm on a muggy day because water molecules are -

-

little energy to you in spite of their high temperature.

Heat energy is measured in units of -

-

long time in changing temperature.

The white-hot sparks from a 4th-of-July-type sparkler that strike your skin transfer -

-

iron

One of water's interesting thermal properties is that when heated it takes a relatively -

-

both the same

Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied? -

-

high specific heat capacity.

In which is the temperature greater? -

-

small temperature changes.

evaporation.

On a muggy day, water molecules in the air that strike our bodies

-

Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster due to -

-

warmed

The calories needed to change 10 grams of ice at 0°C to steam at 100°C is -

-

the same as that of simmering water.

During snow fall, the surrounding air is -

-

the condensation of 1 gram of steam at 100°C to water at 100°C

A good cook knows that the temperature of violently boiling water is -

-

both of these

Which involves a larger number of calories? -

-

warms

You can add heat without raising temperature to -

-

energy

When ice crystals form in clouds, the surrounding air -

-

100 calories

To melt ice, add -

-

released from the vapor.

To increase the temperature of 50 grams of water by 2 Celsius degrees requires -

-

a lower temperature.

When a vapor condenses, energy is -

-

more than 540 calories.

Compared to sea level, water in an open pot in the mountains boils at -

-

both of these

To turn 50 grams of boiling water to steam requires -

-

higher temperature.

Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam -

-

transfer some of their kinetic energy to us.

7200

Compared with sea-level cooking, in cooking eggs by boiling in mountain regions you should boil the eggs -

-

for a longer time.

To turn 1 gram of boiling water to steam requires

-

Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to -

-

more energy than needed to turn 1 gram of absolute-zero ice to the boiling point.

prevent boiling.

If bits of the coals do not stick to your feet while walking barefoot on red-hot coals, it would be best if your feet are -

-

When a gas is changed to a liquid, the gas -

-

warmed

Melting snow tends to -

-

none of the above

When steam condenses, the surrounding air is -

-

rises

To melt 50 grams of 0-degree-Celsius ice requires -

-

both of these

For increased atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of water -

-

both of these

What occurs in a pan of water placed outdoors on a warm day? -

-

cooler

Water can be brought to a boil by -

-

remains unchanged

A canteen that is wet on the outside results in water inside that is -

-

releases energy

When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature -

-

wet

cool the surrounding air

As a block of ice at 0°C melts, the block absorbs energy -

without a temperature change

-

Evaporation is a cooling process and condensation is

-

a warming process

-

When condensation occurs inside your bedroom window, the air outside is appreciably

-

colder

-

When water vapor changes phase to become water in a cloud, the surroundings become

-

warmer

-

When water vapor condenses on the inside of a window, the room becomes slightly

-

warmer

-

When water freezes, the surrounding air is

-

warmed

-

Which will melt more ice when placed on its surface, a kilogram of wood or a kilogram of iron of the same high temperature?

-

1 kg of wood

-

The molecules in a room-temperature glass of water jostle around at

-

a great variety of speeds

-...