Basic anatomical terms PDF

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Basicanatomicalterminology There are established spatial descriptors that allow us to accurately locate structures in the body. Pleasefindanoverviewofthemaindescriptorsandtheirmeaningsinthediagramandtablebelow.            Term

Meaning

Example

Superior

Nearertohead

Heartissuperiortostomach.

Inferior

Nearertofeet

Stomachisinferiortoheart.

Anterior

Nearertofront

Toesareanteriortoheel.

Posterior

Nearertoback

Kidneysareposteriortointestine.

Medial

Nearertomedianplane

Noseismedialtoears.

Lateral

Fartherfrommedianplane

Thumbisonlateralsideofhand.

Proximal

Nearertotrunk/pointoforiginofalimb

Elbowisproximaltowrist.

Distal

Fartherfromtrunk/pointoforiginalimb

Elbowisdistaltoshoulder.



Twospatialdescriptorscanalsobecombinedtoasingledescriptor: e.g.the eyesaresuperiorand lateraltothenose,thus“superolateral”. Thespatialdescriptorsrefertoa certainpositionofthehumanbody, the“anatomicalposition”,so thatthedescriptorsarenotambiguous,whichmeans thattheydonotdependonthe positionthe personiscurrentlyin.Theanatomicalpositionreferstopeopleas iftheywerestandinguprightwith theirheaddirectedanteriorly,upperlimbsbythesideswiththepalms facinganteriorly andlower limbsclosetogetherwiththefeetparallelandthetoesdirectedanteriorly(seediagramabove)....