Anatomical Terms, Joint Actions, and Anatomical Planes PDF

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Summary

anatomical terms, joint actions, and anatomical planes.
great for studying Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 or any other anatomy units.
helped me a lot throughout one of my open book exams....

Description

Anatomical Terms Directional Terms: - Superior: towards the head (up or above) (heart is located superior to the small intestine) - Inferior: towards the feet (down or below) (small intestine is located inferior to the heart) - Anterior (also ventral): further to the front or in front of (sternum is anterior to the heart) - Posterior (also dorsal): further to the back or in back of (heart is posterior to the sternum) - Medial: toward the medial line of the body (the heart is medial to the lungs) - Lateral: away from the medial line of the body (towards the side of the body) (the lungs are lateral to the heart) - Proximal: closer to the axial body (toward the trunk) (thigh is proximal to the foot) - Distal: further from the axial body (further from trunk) (foot is distal to the thigh) - Superficial: closer to the surface of the body (sternum is superficial to the lungs) - Deep: further away from the surface of the body (lungs are deep to the sternum)

Joint Actions: - Flexion: decreasing the angle of a joint - Extension: increasing the angle of a joint - Dorsiflexion: decreasing the angle of the ankle joint (toes pointing up) - Plantarflexion: increasing the angle of the ankle joint (toes pointing down) - Elevation: moving a body part in a superior direction (shrugging with your shoulders) - Depression: moving a body part in an inferior direction (shoulders moving down from a shrug) - Eversion: rotating the ankle so that the sole of the foot points away from the other - Inversion: rotating the ankle so that the sole of the foot points towards the other - Abduction: moving a limb away from the medial line of the body (moving into a T-pose) - Adduction: moving a limb towards the medial line of the body - Lateral rotation: rotating a limb away from the medial line of the body - Medial rotation: rotating a limb towards the medial line of the body - Pronation: rotating the forearm so that the palm faces down if the forearm is flexed - Supination: rotating the forearm so that the palm faces up if the forearm is flexed - Retraction: posterior movement of the arm at the shoulder - Protraction: anterior movement of the arm at the shoulder - Lateral flexion: bending the spine to the side, away from the medial line of the body - Circumduction: orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle, and the arm traces a cone. Produced by shoulder flexion, abduction, extension and adduction.

Anatomical Planes: - sagittal: cutting the body vertically from the front or back - Midsagittal: cutting the body on the medial line vertically from the front or back - Transverse (axial): cutting the body horizontally - Coronal: cutting the body vertically from the side - Oblique: cutting the body on an oblique angle...