Lesson 4 Anatomical Positions PDF

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Lecture notes in Anatomical Positions [PATHFIT]...

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LESSON 4

Anatomical Positions ! Supine:"Horizontal"position"with"the"face"oriented"up" ! Prone:"Horizontal"position"with"the"face"oriented"down" ! Right"lateral"recumbent:"Horizontal"position"with"the"right"side"oriented"down" ! Left"lateral"recumbent:"Horizontal"position"with"the"left"side"oriented"down" ! ! Supine!position!refers"to"a"horizontal"position"with"the"face"and"upper"body"facing"up."" !

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Prone!position!refers"to"a"horizontal"position"with"the"face"and"upper"body"facing" down.""

" " " The"word""lateral""means""to!the!side,""while""recumbent""means""lying"down.""In"the" right"lateral"recumbent"position,"the"individual"is"lying"on"their"right"side."This"position" makes"it"easier"to"access"a"patient's"left"side." "

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The"left"lateral"recumbent"position"is"the"opposite"of"the"right"lateral"recumbent" position."In"this"position,"the"individual"is"lying"on"their"left"side."This"position"makes"it" easier"to"access"a"patient's"right"side." "

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DIRECTIONAL TERMS Directional+Terms+ Directional!terms!describe"the"positions"of"structures" relative"to"other"structures"or"locations"in"the"body." " " " " "

Superior "Toward!the!head!end"of"the"body;"upper" (example,"the"hand"is"part"of"the"superior" extremity)."Refers"to"points"nearer"to"or"towards" the"head." "

Inferior away!from!the!head;"lower"(example,"the"foot"is" part"of"the"inferior"extremity)." "

Anterior Refers"to"the"front"(frontal"plane)"of"or" abdominal"portion"of"the"body.""

Posterior In"human"anatomy,"has"to"do"with"the"back"of"a" structure,"or"a"structure"found"toward"the"back" of"the"body." "

Medial Refers"to"a"position"nearer"the"middle"of" the"body."" "

Lateral Refers"to"positions"to"the"side"of"the"body," to"positions"farther"away"from"the" midsagittal"plane." "

Proximal In"medicine,"refers"to"a"part"of"the"body" that"is"closer"to"the"center"of"the"body"than" another"part."" " "

Distal Away"from"or"farthest"from"the"trunk"or" the"point"or"origin"of"a"part"(example,"the" hand"is"located"at"the"distal"end"of"the" forearm). " " " " " " "

Anatomical Terms of Movement ! ! Flexion"refers"to"a"movement"that" decreases"the"angle"between"two" body"parts."" " Extension"refers"to"a"movement" that"increases"the"angle"between" two"body"parts." " ! ! " " Abduction"is"a"movement"away"from"the" midline"–"just"as"abducting"someone"is"to" take"them"away."" " Adduction"is"a"movement"towards"the" midline."Adduction"of"the"hip"squeezes" the"legs"together." " Circumduction"can"be"defined"as"a" conical"movement"of"a"limb"extending" from"the"joint"at"which"the"movement"is" controlled." " "

Rotation"can"occur"within"the"vertebral"column,"at"a" pivot"joint,"or"at"a"ball-and-socket"joint."" " Medial!rotation!is"a"rotational"movement"towards" the"midline." " Lateral!rotation!is"a"rotating"movement"away"from" the"midline." " " " " " " " " " " " " " Dorsiflexion"refers"to"flexion"at"the" ankle,"so"that"the"foot"points"more" superiorly." " Plantarflexion"refers"extension"at"the" ankle,"so"that"the"foot"points"inferiorly."" " " " "

Inversion"involves" the"movement"of"the" sole"towards"the" median"plane"–"so" that"the"sole"faces"in" a"medial"direction." " Eversion"involves" the"movement"of"the" sole"away"from"the" median"plane"–"so" that"the"sole"faces"in" a"lateral"direction."" " " " " Opposition"brings"the"thumb"and" little"finger"together." " Reposition"is"a"movement"that" moves"the"thumb"and"the"little" finger"away"from"each"other," effectively"reversing"opposition." " " " " " " "

! ! Protraction!and!retraction!are"anteriorposterior"movements"of"the"scapula"or" mandible."" " Protraction"of"the"scapula"occurs"when"the" shoulder"is"moved"forward,"as"when"pushing" against"something"or"throwing"a"ball."" " Retraction"is"the"opposite"motion,"with"the" scapula"being"pulled"posteriorly"and"medially," toward"the"vertebral"column." " " " " " " Depression"and"elevation"are" downward"and"upward"movements"of" the"scapula"or"mandible."The"upward" movement"of"the"scapula"and"shoulder" is"elevation,"while"a"downward" movement"is"depression."" " " "...