Anatomical Positions PDF

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Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position Standing upright, facing observer, head level, eyes facing forward, feet flat on floor, arms at side, palms turned forward Directional Terms (10) Used to describe position of body structures relative to each other Superior – towards the head Inferior – away from the head Anterior/Ventral – towards the front Posterior/Dorsal – towards the back Medial – nearer to midline Lateral – away from midline Proximal – closer to attachment of limb to trunk of body Distal – farther from attachment of limb to trunk of body Ipsilateral – same side of body Contralateral – opposite side of body Planes & Sections (4) Plane – 2D surface passing through the body Section – one of two surfaces that result when the body is ‘cut’ along a plane Sagittal plane Divides body into left and right sides Mid-sagittal plane divides evenly, para-sagittal plane, unevenly eg halving an onion; para-sagittal is doing it badly Frontal/Coronal plane Divides body into front and back sides; anterior and posterior portions eg Loaf of bread Transverse plane Divides into superior and inferior portions; top and bottom eg chopping a banana into slices Oblique plane Divides the body at an angle; varies Body cavities (6) 1. Posterior cavity contains 2 subdivisions: 2. Cranial cavity – contains brain 3. Vertebral cavity – contains spinal cord 4. Anterior cavity contains 2 subdivisions: 5. Thoracic cavity – Above diaphragm, contains lungs and heart 6. Abdominopelvic cavity – Below diaphragm, contains gut, urinary and reproductive systems...