PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2020 - Dental medicine PDF

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Physio final MCQ - Dental Medicine | 23 June 2020...

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Physio Exam 2020 - Dental Medicine

23 June 2020

Physiology Exam Dental Medicine - June 2020

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Physio Exam 2020 - Dental Medicine

23 June 2020

I. MCQ Test

1. Which receptors and their location are NOT correctly paired? A.

Hair cells : semicircular canals

B.

Stretch receptors : carotid sinus

C.

Hair cells : olphactory epithelium

D.

Osmoreceptors : hypothalamus

2. Which factor favors spermatozoa development? A

Temperature of 37°C

B.

Temperature of 34°C

C.

Acidity

D.

Estrogens

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3. If stroke volume is 70 ml; heart rate = 60 bpm, cardiac output is approximatelly: A.

2000 ml/min

B.

4000 ml/min

C.

600 ml/min

D.

140 ml/min

4. Which is NOT an effect of insulin? A.

Increase glucose transport into brain

B.

Stimulation of glycogen synthesis

C.

Increase in glucose transport in adipocytes

5. Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins? A.

They exert an osmotic force

B.

They act as buffers

C.

They increase the capillary permeability

D.

They play role in the body’s defense

6. Concerning EEG activity: A.

Beta waves occur in adults who are awake, relaxed, eyes closed

B.

Alpha waves occur during periods of high mental activity

C.

Delta waves are characteristic of slow wave sleep

7. End Diastolic Volume (EDV) is determined directly by the: A.

Cardiac output

B. C.

Amount of venous return to the heart Systolic blood pressure

D.

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8. Hypernatremia can be associated with: A.

Low blood pressure

B.

Increased plasma osmolality

C.

Increased neurological irritability

9. Which of the following statements regarding thermoregulation is FALSE? A.

Radiation is the transfer of heat by contact

B.

In the hypothalamus is located thermoregulatory center

C.

Most of the blood flow through the skin is for purposes of temperature regulation

10. Which of these does NOT increase secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla? A.

High blood glucose

B.

Low blood pressure

C.

Stress

D.

Exercise

11. Regarding the parasympathetic nervous system: A. B. C.

parasympathetic fibers are found in all cranial nerves paraympathetic neurons are found in thoracic region of spinal cord parasympathetic fibers secrete acetylcholine

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12.Atrial natriuretic peptide: A.

Increases urine output

B.

Inhibits Na+ reabsorption

C.

Reduces blood pressure

D.

All are correct

13. A hormone that may cause breakdown of proteins is: A.

Cortisol

B.

Growth hormone

C.

Insulin

D.

Adrenalin

14. If the conduction between SA node and AV node is blocked, which will most likely occur? A.

The rate of ventricular contraction will decrease

B.

The force of atrial contractions will decrease

C.

The heart will stop

15. Concerning the small intestine: A.

Site of carbohydrate and protein but NOT fat digestion

B.

Site of the majority of water absorption in the GI tract

C.

First site of protein hydrolysis

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16.Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by: A.

Stretch of the receptors

B.

Substances in solution

C.

Movement of a cupula

D.

Sodium ions

17. A neuron could inhibit the acvtivity of a neuron with which it synapses by: A.

Producing an EPSP within the neuron

B.

Depolarizing the neuron

C.

Increasing Cl- influx into the neuron

18. Cardiac output can be affected by: A.

heart rate

B.

autonomic nerve activity

C.

peripheral vascular resistance

D.

all of these

19. Which of these does NOT cause vasoconstriction of arterioles? A.

Endothelin-1

B.

Noradrenalin

C.

Angiotensin II

D.

Acetylcholine

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20. The activation of B cells: A.

Occurs in response to injury

B.

Results in the production of cytotoxic cells

C.

Results in the production of antibodies

21.Loss of balance and coordination of movements develop with damage in: A.

Pons

B.

Cerebellum

C.

Anterior horns of spinal cord

D.

Anterolateral system

22. Administration of a muscarinic receptor agonist leads to: A.

Increased heart rate

B.

Decreased gastric motility

C.

Bronchoconstriction

23.Which nerve fibers are mostly stimulated in pulpitis? A.

A- beta myelinated

B.

A- delta myelinated

C.

B myelinated

D.

C unmyelinated

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24. A drug (atropine) that blocks cholinergic receptors in the heart: A.

stops the heart

B.

decreases stroke volume

C.

increases heart rate

D.

decreases impulse conduction

25.Damage to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system would decrease secretion of: A.

ADH

B.

Oxytocin

C.

Growth hormone

D.

Parathyroid hormone

26. Which of the following is NOT secreted by the stomach? A.

Hydrochloric acid

B.

Mucus

C.

Pepsinogen

D.

Amylase

27. Which of the following functions is NOT served by the Na+/K+ pump? A. B. C. D.

It can help regulate growth It provides energy for co-transport of other molecules It keeps Na+ outside the cell It keeps K+ inside the cell

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28.The main function of the prostate seems to be: A.

Spermatogenesis

B.

Production of glycogen

C.

Secretion of alkaline mucus

29. What hormone acts to increase blood Ca2+ levels? A.

Parafollicular hormone

B.

Thyroxine

C.

Parathyroid hormone

D.

Calcitonin

30. Which factor causes the ovulation to occur? A.

LH

B.

FSH

C.

Progesterone

D.

Estrogen

31. What is the minimum number of neurons that can be involved in a reflex? A.

1

B. C.

2 3

D.

4

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32. The presence of a bolus of food to the mouth: A.

Stimulates taste receptors

B.

Is usually followed by mastication

C.

Reflexively stimulates the salivary glands

D.

All are correct

33. Which of the following systems conveys information concerning proprioceptive sensation? A.

Anterolateral

B.

Dorsal column–medial lemniscal

C.

Corticospinal

D.

Spinocerebellar

34. The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle because: A.

It ejects blood through a narrower orifice

B.

It ejects a greater cardiac output

C.

It ejects blood against a higher pressure

35. Which of the following pairs of hormones are involved in control of pancreatic secretion? A.

Cholecystokinin and secretin

B.

Somatostatin and gastrin

C.

Motilin and serotonin

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36. Which leukocyte does NOT have phagocytic properties? A.

Basophil

B.

Lymphocyte

C.

Neutrophil

D.

Eosinophil

37. The cells that produce myelin in the central NS are the: A.

Microglia

B.

Astrocytes

C.

Olygodendrocytes

D.

Ependymal cells

38. Regarding the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of skeletal muscle: A. B. C.

A rise in intracellular Ca2+ allows actin to interact with myosin The mitochondria act as a store of Ca2+ for the contraction Ca2+ entry across the membrane is important to initiate contraction

39. Which type of muscle contains actin, myosin and troponin? A.

Skeletal muscle only

B.

Smooth muscle only

C.

Skeletal muscle and smooth muscle only

D.

All types of muscles

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40. In response to decreased arterial blood pressure: A. B. C.

Parasympathetic discharge to the heart decreases Impulse activity from the baroreceptors increases Parasympathetic discharge to the blood vessels increases

41. A decrease of arterial pO2 is seen in: A.

Anemia

B.

Acidosis

C.

Breathing air at high altitude

D.

Cyanide poisoning

42. Prolonged vomiting may cause: A.

Respiratory acidosis

B.

Respiratory alkalosis

C.

Metabolic acidosis

D.

Metabolic alkalosis

43. Which of the following forces favors glomerular filtration? A.

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

B.

Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure

C.

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

D.

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

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44. Approximately 2/3 of the body water exists in the: A.

Kidneys and urinary bladder

B.

Intracellular fluid compartment

C.

Extracellular fluid compartment

D.

Transcellular fluid compartment

45. Regarding the central chemoreceptors: A.

Respond to a decrease in arterial pH

B.

Respond to an increase in arterial pCO2

C.

Respond to a decrease in arterial pO2

D.

Respond to all of these

46. Net filtration pressure in the capillaries would decrease by: A.

Increased blood pressure

B.

Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure

C.

Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure

47. A morphine-like pain suppressing brain substance is _____. A.

Glycine

B.

Endorphin

C.

Nicotine

D.

Acetylcholine

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48. When is an excitable membrane more permeable to K+ than Na+? A.

During the depolarization phase of the action potential

B.

During the repolarization phase of the action potential

C.

It is always more permeable to K+

49. The total body water in an adult is ... % of body weight: A.

50%

B. C.

60% 45%

D.

75%

50. Which of the following solutions is isotonic for red blood cells? A. B. C. D.

2.0% NaCl 1% NaCl 0.5% NaCl 0.9% NaCl

51.Which of the following conditions is characterized by a collapse of the lung? A.

Pulmonary oedema

B.

Dyspnea

C.

Emphysema

D.

Pneumothorax

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52. The ____________ are the primary organs that regulate the volume of body fluids. A.

Kidneys

B.

Blood vessels

C.

Liver and gall bladder

D.

Intestines

53. Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva? A.

Alpha-amylase and ligual lipase

B.

Bicarbonate and magnesium

C.

Protease and peptidase

D.

Lactoferrin and immunoglobulins

54. Which of the following produces 1st heart sound? A. B. C. D.

Opening of the atrioventricular valves Closure of the atrioventricular valves Closure of the semilunar valves Ventricular contraction

55. The QRS interval defines the time required for the ventricle to undergo _______. A.

Repolarization

B.

Depolarization

C.

Relaxation

D.

Depolarization and repolarization

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56.Alveolar surfactant acts to decrease pulmonary: A.

Surface tension

B.

Compliance

C.

Airway resistance

D.

Blood flow

57. Which of the following factors increase the metabolic rate? A.

Old age

B.

Hyperthyroidism

C.

Sleep

D.

Starvation

58.Which of the components of hemoglobin is correctly matched? A.

Bilirubin – transported to the liver for conjugation

B.

Heme – broken down into amino acids

C.

Iron – mostly secreted in bile

59. Which is the location in the retina at which the sharpest images are produced? A.

Optic chiasm

B.

Optic disc

C.

Fovea centralis

D.

Ora serrate

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60. Choose the correct order for the steps of hemostasis: A.

Platelet plug formation, blood coagulation, blood vessel spasm

B.

Blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation

C.

Blood vessel spasm, blood coagulation, platelet plug formation

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II. Written - Practical part

QUESTION 1

A 30-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of blurred vision and difficulty with swallowing. Neurological examination reveals muscle weakness. Deep tendon reflexes are graded 1. Diagnosis: Botulism toxicity.# 1. List some deep tendon reflexes. Are they normal in this case?# 2. What test can be done to evaluate the electrical activity of the muscles?# 3. Which neurotransmitter is affected in this case? Suggest another mechanism by which the neurotransmission in the NMJ can be inhibited. Which of the studied blood tests will help to identify inflammatory process? What changes of the values are expected?

QUESTION 2

Which of the studied blood tests will help to identify inflammatory process? What changes of the values are expected?

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III. Written - Discussion

A boy, 10 years old, suddenly develops facial edema. Previously he was treated for bacterial infection (fever, sore throat).# Laboratory evaluation of urine indicated the following: Inulin clearance - 70 ml/min; Proteinuria.# Diagnosis: Glomerulonephritis.# $# 1/ Interpret the laboratory data. What information provides that clearance value?# 2/ How you can explain the presence of edema?# 3/ Which are the steps of urine formation? How the renal corpuscles contribute for urine formation? Describe the process.#

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IV. Written - Matching

Match the hormones with their effects:# 1/ Gastrin, 2/ Thyroxine, 3/ Aldosterone, 4/ Insulin, 5/Adrenaline, 6/ Calcitriol, 7/Calcitonin, 8/ Secretin

A. Stimulates bicarbonate secretion by pancreas B. Stimulates acid secretion C. Increases intestinal absoption of "calcium and phosphate D. Stimulates protein synthesis E. Increases metabolic rate F. Stimulates lypolysis and dilates bronchi G. Decreases blood calcium levels H." Increases extracellular (and blood) volume

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