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Lesson 5 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY I Components of the ECG

Computer #9 Kyle Baumgart(Results, Methods, E) Taylor Liao (Discussion) Aaron Liu (Specific Aims,Hypothesis, A&B) Hailey Pham (Conclusion, Background, C&D)

Monday Lab Section September 17, 2018

Hypothesis The cardiac cycle will be the longest during the supine position, it will shorten as you move your body into a seated position. The cycle will be the shortest after the exercise session. The deep breathing exercises will have a shorter cardiac cycle than the supine position, but will be longer than the seated position cycle; specifically, the inhalation period will cause a faster heartbeat than the exhalation period. Specific Aims The main goal of this session is to become familiar with the BIOPAC system. We will record the ECG of each subject during supine, seated, and post-exercise session and compare the cardiac cycle of each session. Additionally, we will record and compare the cardiac cycle during our inhale and exhale periods. We will then analyze the data and view the differences in the duration between cardiac cycles. Background An ECG, which is Electrocardiogram, the way to recording electrical signal in human heart. It was invented to detect heat problem or monitors the heart (1).It happened to show a lot in movie scenes where the characters in operation room or in the ambulance. The machine which have many waves on the screen is the ECG. It is very important to have the ECG on the ambulance or in operation room for doctor to know if anything happen to the heart. It easy to use ECG it is painless and fastest way to monitor human heart. The SA contract generates electrical impulse travels to the heart wall. It made the atria to contract and that lead to the impulse of AV node. Then the impulses sent the signal to atrioventricular bundle. This bundle branches off to two bundles and carried to the center of the

heart to both sides. At the base of the heart, the atrioventricular bundles start to branch into many fibers and trigger the ventricles to contract. Then right ventricle will send blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta. (2) The ECG that we learn today called three lead ECG. It has 3 lead pads place on the wrist, and ankles of the subjects that we will record the signal. This work base on the bipolar limb leads. The positive will be on left ankle, negative on right wrist and the ground will be on right ankle. According to “Basic ECG Theory, 12-Lead Recordings and Their Interpretation” we can see these lead placements as viewing the electrical dipole from three different directions the three lead now made up a plane. As the cardiac cycle begins with the firing of the SA node in the right atrium will be the first step on the sequences but it electrical signaling is not strong enough to create an electrical potential with an amplitude high enough to be recorded with distal electrodes. The depolarization of the SAnode is conducted rapidly throughout both the right and left atria, giving rise to the P-wave. the right and left ventricles begin to depolarize resulting in the recordable QRS complex. The first negative deflection (if present) is the Q-wave, the large positive deflection is the R-wave, and if there is a negative deflection after the R-wave, it is called the S-wave. As the QRS complex ends, the ventricles are completely depolarized and are beginning contraction. Importantly, the exact shape of the QRS complex depends on the placement of electrodes from which the signals are recorded . (3) Methods The set-up of this lab included the BIOPAC ECG software, hardware; including the leads, disposable electrodes, alcohol pads, and electrode gel, and additional items such as a mat, chair, and computer system with windows. The computer and BIOPAC systems were turned on

and opened to the ECG program. The electrodes were placed on the subjects ankles and right wrist(after cleaning with alcohol pads) and connected to the leads in the order of: White to right wrist, Black to right ankle, and Red to left ankle. The system was calibrated while the subject was supine, analyzed to make sure the ECG looked normal, and the proceeding tests followed the clearing of calibration. The first test involved the subject lying still and supine for 20 seconds while the ECG recorded. The recorders pressed suspend and then continue to initiate the second test. The subject was asked to sit on a nearby chair/stool. Once the subject sat down the test was initiated and maintained for 20 seconds until the recorders pressed suspend. The third test involved one recorder pressing record when the subject was ready(and seated) and another recorder pressed f4 for every inhale and f5 for every exhale of the subject. The test was ended after 5 inhale/exhale cycles. The final test involved the subject exercising for around 2 minutes( by running up and down a hall at moderate pace) and then returning to the seated position where the recorders quickly snapped on the leads and continued the ECG reading for 60 seconds. When the test ended, the results of all 4 scenarios were recorded on one long ECG measurement. This recording was saved to the program(within the computer) under the name of the subject. Once that was completed the program could be run again with a new subject, which was done 4 times for variability and comparison. Subject profile Age

gender

height

weight

Subject #1

20yrs

male

188cm

78kg

Subject #4

24yrs

female

162cm

55kg

Result Subjects 1 and 4 followed the same trends of physiological adaptation, where by moving the subject from a supine state to a seated position or by exercising, the cardiac cycle decreased(BPM increased) if the supine position is treated as the baseline. Another observation can be noted during experiment #3 where the cardiac cycle decreases on inhalation and increases on exhalation. Ventricular systole and diastole are decreased in duration when exercise is performed by the subject. The only abnormal readings for subject #4 were during the Q-T intervals; some values were above the mean range. Abnormal readings for subject #1 include the R-R , Q-T intervals along with the T-P segment; some values were above the mean range. Table 1: Subject #4 Heart Rate Recording condition

Cardiac cycle (s) 1

Mean (s)

1: Supine

.718

.721

.716

.718

2: Seated

.516

.525

.527

.523

3: Start of inhale

.537

.550

.530

.539

4: start of exhale

.587

.585

.589

.587

5: after exercise

.346

.351

.351

.349

2

3

Table 2: Subject #4 Ventricular Systole and Diastole Condition

Duration (s) Ventricular Systole

Ventricular Diastole

1: Supine

.228

.495

5: After exercise

.089

.270

Table 3: Subject #4 Components of the ECG

ECG Component

Normative Value Based on resting heart rate 75 BPM

Duration (ms) Recording 1 cycle 1

2

3

Rec 1 mean(s)

Waves

Duration (sec)

P

.07-.18

.104

.102

.112

.106

QRS Complex

.06-.12

.100

.079

.084

.088

.139

.139

.147

.142

T

.10-.25

Intervals

Duration (sec)

P-R

.12-.20

.147

.147

.158

.151

Q-T

.32-.36

.367

.330

.367

.355

R-R

.80

.713

.718

.716

.716

Segments

Duration (sec)

P-R

.2-1.0

.55

.73

.65

.64

S-T...