Porifera and Cnidaria Comparison Lesson PDF

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Porifera/Cnidarian Phyla Comparision Lab

Name:________________________Date:____________Blk:___

By the end of this lab you should be able to identify many of the major characteristics of each phyla, identify organisms that belong to the phyla, and be able to explain why scientists claim that the Phylum Porifera existed on the earth before Cnidarians.

Phylum Porifera: This phylum is made of sponges, which are the simplest animal. There are over 9.000 different species. Sponges are considered to be at the cellular level of development. This means that each cell is specialized and has a specific function, but there is very little interaction between cells. They do not have tissues or organs. Utilize the Biology textbook (Elephant), pages 560-563, and notes from class to help you label the diagram, complete the chart and answer the following questions. Typical Sponge Diagram: Using the list of terms, write the term that best matches each of the following definitions. Amebocyte osculum central cavity(atrium) incurrent pore collar cell(choanocyte) pore cell Epidermal cell spicule _______________1. The area enclosed by the body wall of the sponge. _______________2. A special kind of cell that builds spicules. _______________3. Cells that have flagella and trap food particles. _______________4. One of the thousands of opening in the body wall. _______________5. Large hole where water leaves the sponge. _______________6. One of many structures that form the skeleton of the sponge. _______________7. Specialized cell through which water enters the sponge. _______________8. Cell on the outer surface of the sponge. 9. How do sponges differ from other animals in terms of movement? Explain how they feed, respire and eliminate waste?

10. How are sponges proving to be useful in medicine?

11. Why are sponges thought to be evolutionarily dead?

*** Complete the PORIFERA row on the summary chart

Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterates) The organisms which make up this phylum are more complex then sponges in terms of their level of development. They are considered to be at the tissue level of development. This means that they have certain cells that are organized in groups to perform specific functions. However, they still do not have organs. Be sure and notice this advancement especially in terms of how they feed, how they digest their food, and their development of a primitive nervous system. Many of the 11,000 species in this phylum also show a unique reproductive cycle. Utilize the Biology textbook (Elephant), pages 564-569, and notes from class to help you label the diagrams, complete the chart and answer the following questions. Observation of Various Species: Examine the specimens around the room and the pictures in the textbook. 1. List 4 different types of Cnidarians. 2. Some species are attached to a surface (sessile) in the adult phase, while other species are free-swimming as adults. Give an example of each. Sessile: ____________________________ Mobile: ____________________________ Two Basic Body Shapes: Observe the 2 drawings below. Notice that many adult species in this phylum have the polyp form and others have the medusa form. Use the following terms to answer the questions. Epidermis Gastroder (endoderm) Gastrovascular Cavity Mouth Mesoglea (ectoderm) Tentacle ____________________3. What body form does an adult jellyfish have? ____________________4. What body form does a coral have? ____________________5. What body form does a sea anemone have? ____________________6. How many openings do Cnidarians have? ____________________7. What is the name of the opening? ____________________8. What passes through this opening? ____________________9. What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have? 10. Explain why having this type of symmetry is advantageous to these sessile organisms.

Hydra: Examine a hydra under the microscope. In the space provided draw, color and label the hydra. Be sure to include where nematocysts would be located. 11. Observe the video of a Hydra feeding. Give a brief explanation of Hydra your observations.

12. What stimulated the feeding behavior of the hydra?

13. Explain how the hydra was able to eat something larger than itself.

14. The hydra’s ability to respond to its environment demonstrates that it must have 2 types of cells that sponges do not. Name them. 1. ________________________ 2. __________________________

15. Hydra cannot pursue their prey. What adaptation makes this unnecessary?

Coral: Examine a piece of coral under the microscope. In the space provided draw what you have observed. What you are observing is not the coral polyp, but the home that the coral colonies lived in. _____________________16. What is the skeleton made of? _____________________ 17. What occupied all of the tiny holes that you see? _____________________ 18. Name the largest living coral reef in the world. 19. Damage to coral reefs by human activity is increasing worldwide. Identify some activities that may be causing this damage, and explain how the damage could affect humans and other animals.

20. Why do reef building corals grow only in relatively shallow waters?

*** Complete the CNIDARIAN row on the summary chart Porifera/Cnidarian Comparison: 21. How is the cnidarians body plan (radial symmetry) more complex and advantageous than that of the poriferans (asymmetrical)?

22. All animals are Multicellular, however not all animals have the same cellular organization or division of labor. Explain how the cellular organization differs in poriferans and cnidarians.

23. Explain the different methods of digestion (extracellular vs. intracellular) between cnidarians and poriferans. Why is extra-cellular digestion a more complex and advantageous method of digestion?...