PP2201 Lab Report - Respiratory Volumes PDF

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PP2201 Lab Report - Respiratory Volumes...

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LABORATORY REPORT Activity:

Respiratory Volumes

Name:

Ayman Adiat

Instructor:

PP2201

Date:

08.07.2019

Predictions 1. During exercise TV will decrease 2. During exercise IRV will decrease 3. During exercise ERV will decrease 4. During exercise VC will decrease 5. During exercise TLC will decrease

Materials and Methods 1. Dependent Variable respiratory volumes 2. Independent Variable level of physical activity [resting or exercising] 3. Controlled Variables sex, age, height 4. Which respiratory volume was calculated? Tidal volume - amount of air taken into lungs at rest. 5. What was the purpose of the nose clip? To prevent air from escaping.

Results Table 2: Average Breathing Rates and Lung Volumes

Subject1 Subject2 Subject3 Averages

Breathing Rate 13.8 11.9 11.1 12.3

TV(L) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

Resting Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3

RV(L) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Breathing Rate 26.0 27.1 27.9 27.0

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TV(L) 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7

Exercising Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8

RV(L) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Volumes and Breathing Rate

1. Did the breathing rate increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase 2. Did the tidal volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase 3. Did the expiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decrease 4. Did the inspiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decrease 5. Did the inspiratory capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase 6. Did the functional residual capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decrease 7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase

Table 3: Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation

Subject1 Subject2 Subject3 Averages

IC(L)

FRC(L)

2.9 2.6 3.0 2.8

3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

Resting Values VC(L) TLC(L) 4.3 4.0 4.5 4.3

5.9 5.6 6.1 5.9

Minute Ventilation (L) 8.3 6.0 6.7 7.0

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IC(L)

FRC(L)

3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5

2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

Exercising Values VC(L) TLC(L) 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1

5.8 5.6 5.8 5.7

Minute Ventilation (L) 44.2 43.4 47.4 45.0

Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation

Discussion 1. Explain the change in ERV with exercise. ERV is the amount of extra air you can force out of lungs after you have expired normally and it decreased with exercise. This is due to heavy breathing during exercise and therefore more air is being exhaled than normal, lowering the ERV. 2. Explain the change in IRV with exercise. IRV is the amount of extra air you can inhale after you have inhaled normally and it decreased with exercise. This is due to short/quick breathing during exercise and therefore less air is being inhaled than normal, lowering the IRV. 3. Explain the change in IC with exercise. IC is the amount of air you can take into the lungs after normal expiration is completed, and even though it increased during this experiment, it shouldn't unless the subject has a respiratory issue. 4. Explain the change in FRC with exercise. FRC is amount of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration and it should decrease with exercise. This is due to ERV also decreasing and RV remaining the same (FRC = RV + ERV). 5. Explain why RV does not change with exercise. RV is the amount of air left in lungs after maximum expiration. Due to it being the maximum amount of air able to remain in the lungs after expiration, it cannot change. 6. Explain why VC does not change with exercise. VC is the maximum amount of air that is able to move in/out of lungs and it does not change due to it being the maximum limit. Only reason it should change is if there is a respiratory disease present. 7. Explain why TLC does not change with exercise. TLC cannot change because it is the total lung capacity and it cannot increase with exercise unless a respiratory disease is present. 8. During exercise, the depth of respiration increases. Name the muscles involved in increasing the depth of respiration and explain how muscle contraction causes this increase. Diaphragm - elevates rib cage and expands thoracic cavity, external intercostals - elevates rib cage, scalenes - elevates rib cage, sternocleidomastoid - elevates sternum 9. Explain the importance of the change in minute ventilation with exercise. Laboratory Report/ Ayman Adiat/ Respiratory Volumes/ PP2201/ 08.07.2019/ Page [3] of [4]

Minute ventilation is the amount of air moved/minute. It increases during exercise due to cells requiring more oxygen and by having a higher rate of gas exchange, the cells are provided with a greater supply of oxygen. 10. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. TV, IRV and ERV will decrease were all correct as seen from the data above. It was also predicted that TLC and VC will also decrease but they remained the same.

Application 1. During strenuous exercise, TV plateaus at about 60% of VC but minute ventilation continues to increase. Explain how that would occur

2. Emphysema causes alveolar dilation and destruction of alveolar walls which causes an increase in residual volume with air that cannot be exhaled. Assuming that an individual's TLC does not change, explain why a person with developing emphysema is not short of breath while resting, but becomes short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs.

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