Presidency Chart-James Madison 1809-1817 PDF

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basics information needed to know about when james madison was president...

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Presidency Chart – James Madison (1809 - 1817) Politics during his presidency James Madison is the father of the constitution and the writer of Bill of Rights. He believed strongly in the tradition established by George Washington of voluntarily retiring from the presidency after the second term. He attempted diplomacy and economic pressure like Thomas Jefferson. He was also a weak public speaker Major Events Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) (Berlin and Milan Decrees and Orders in Council) Became law in the United States on May 14, 1810. It was intended to motivate Great Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. They would restore trade with Britain and France only if they agreed to respect the United States’ neutrality. Fletcher v. Peck (1810) A state cannot pass legislation that invalidates a contract. The first time the supreme court declared a state law unconstitutional. Tecumseh and Tippecanoe (1811) When William Henry Harrison urged the Indians to sign away 3 million acres of Indian territory, they were met with Indian anger and opposition. Chief Tecumseh banned with British to protect the land, but his brother decided to wage an attack on the “white menace.” Harrison and his men retaliated, burning down the Indian village and discovering British weapons within. The Battle of Tippecanoe roused War Hawk’s cry for war against the British as well as caused anger and distrust towards them War Hawks (1811 – 12) Clay and Calhoun The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war with Britain in Congress War of 1812 This was caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. They gave the United States an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain’s ally, Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. United States troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point, the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson’s troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. Treaty of Ghent (1814) status quo ante bellum The Treaty of Ghent restored the status quo and required the United States to give back Florida. There was no big gain or loss and it didn’t actually address the true causes of the war such as impressment. Effects of the War on the Nation The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry. The threat of Native American weakened and there was federalist disunity.

Hartford Convention (1814) Meeting of New England federalists held in Hartford, Connecticut in the winter of 1814-1815. These federalists opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that they felt had been done. Many of these complaints were manifestation of their fears of being overpowered by states in the south and west. The Hartford Convention was an example of the growing issue of sectionalism and was another event in the approaching end of the federalist party First Protective Tariff (1816) Tariffs enforced for protection of young industries. Tariff of 1816 was created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812. This tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the United States. Even the south and west supported for national benefit. The Second Bank of the United States (1816) The Second Bank of the United States re-charted and considered the most correct economic institution to promote national economic growth....