Project Report Delivery Drones 1 PDF

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PROJECT REPORTSEEE“DELIVERY DRONES”GROUP MEMBERS:1 AHMAD FIRDAUS BIN AB WAHAB (A20EE0236)2. MUHAMMAD ALIFF AKMAL BIN ABD WAHID (A20EE0133)3. MOHAMAD HAFISZUDDIN BIN ABDULLAH (A20EE0115)4. MOHAMAD SHAMIER AIZAT BIN MAT AMIN (A20EE0120)5. MOHAMAD FARIS BIN JOHARY (A20EE0121)COURSE’S LECTURE’S NAME: AS...

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PROJECT REPORT SEEE1012 “DELIVERY DRONES”

GROUP MEMBERS: 1.YONG AHMAD FIRDAUS BIN AB WAHAB

(A20EE0236)

2. MUHAMMAD ALIFF AKMAL BIN ABD WAHID

(A20EE0133)

3. MOHAMAD HAFISZUDDIN BIN ABDULLAH

(A20EE0115)

4. MOHAMAD SHAMIER AIZAT BIN MAT AMIN

(A20EE0120)

5. MOHAMAD FARIS BIN JOHARY

(A20EE0121)

COURSE’S LECTURE’S NAME: ASSOC.PROF.LR.TS.DR.LAU KWAN YIEW SECTION: 01 & 02

DECLARATION

I declare that the thesis with the title of “DELIVERY DRONE” is the result of our own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree

Signature

:

…………………………………

Name

: MOHAMAD SHAMIER AIZAT BIN MAT AMIN

Date

:

14 JANUARY 2021

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In completing this project, we have received many help and guideline of some respected persons, who deserve our greatest gratitude. We would like to show our gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Lau Kwan Yiew, lecturer of Introduction to Electrical Engineer Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for giving us a good guideline for this project throughout many aspects. We are so grateful for all support and guideline given by him. We would also like to expand our greatest gratitude to all those who have indirectly and directly guided us in completing our project especially our classmates and team members itself. Our team members have helped each other and made many valuable suggestions which gave us an inspiration to improve our project. Once again, we thank all those who have gave us the support and help whether directly or indirectly in completing our project.

ii

ABSTRACT

Drones usually define as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASes). It is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously with complex systems and components. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become more famous and available as the technology becomes cheaper. All the technologies always have an improvement and involve through the research. Drones was first created in the beginning of 1900s and was modified in many ways until todays. With the different purpose and knowledge, drones was adjusted and improved more advance in order to achieve their desire and follow the trend of technological progress. Every technology was invented through the research in order to solve their own’s problem. Just like the problem of COVID-19 pandemic, everyone needs to avoid a close contact and touching between each other because to prevent from infection of virus. So, we conduct the research to build a delivery drone that will fly autonomously while carrying some package of delivery during this pandemic. This thesis is about the production and capabilities of delivery drone to contribute in the logistic networks system which is delivery system while avoid the close contact between peoples in Malaysia. This paper will introduce a prototype system for the suitable delivery drone that involve many knowledges. It is done by making the overview of all current technologies and components of previous drones. This prototype will include design decisions which is body and electronic design, components, target market of drones, possible cost, how it is working, advantages, disadvantages and the future recommendation of drones. The goal of this prototype is to show how the delivery drone will help us in the logistic networks system especially during pandemic. Delivery drones promise to be fast, cost reducing and eco-friendly for all people. These are a further developed technology and can help reducing the human burden in the future. Even if these drones can be used to help the human in many ways, the new problems and challenges will appear. So, more research and testing will be needed to prove the delivery drone can be complete and use in a safe manner and hopefully will help in human’s work in daily life.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

TITLE

PAGE

DECLARATION

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

vii

LIST OF APPENDICES

viii

1

INTRODUCTION

1

2

AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES

3

3

THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

5

3.1 Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth

5

3.2 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructures

5

3.3 Goal 10: Sustainable Cities and Communities

6

THE DRONE

7

4.1 Target Market

7

4.2 Possible cost for delivery drone system

7

4.3 How does drone delivery work?

8

4.4 Benefits of drone delivery service

9

4.5 The disadvantages of delivery drone

10

4.6 Future recommendation

11

4.7 Maintanence of Delivery Drone

12

4

iv

5

6

MATERIAL AND DESIGN

14

5.1 The Theory

14

5.2 Part by Part Component

15

5.2.1 The Frame

15

5.2.2 Motors and Propellers

17

5.2.3 Batteries

19

5.2.4 The Landing Gear

20

5.2.5 Sensors: The Nervous System

21

5.2.6 Electronic Components

22

5.2.7 Controller

22

5.2.8 Items Container

23

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN THE CIRCUIT

24

6.1 Flight Controller

25

6.2 Electronic Speed Control

26

6.3 Brushless Motor

27

6.4 Altimeter and Barometer

29

6.5 GPS Sensor

30

6.5.1 Satellite Networks

30

6.6 Power Module

31

6.7 UAV Ultrasonic Sensor

31

6.8 Optic Flow

32

6.9 Drone Photograph/Camera

33

6.10 Power Distributor Board

33

v

CONCLUSION

35

REFERENCE

36

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

TITLE

PAGE

1

The design of the drone

16

2

The brushless DC motor

18

3

Four blade propellers

19

4

The items container

23

5

Circuit of the drone using frizzing

24

6

ArduPilot Mega Board

25

7

Ilustration of ecs in the circuit created by elprocus.com

26

8

ECS from amazon.com

27

9

920Kv Brushless DC Motor

28

10

Barometric Pressure Sensor - BMP085 Breakout

29

11

GPS module

30

12

power module

31

13

ultrasonic

32

14

optic flow

32

15

Example drone camera from idaptweb.com

33

16

Power Distributor Board

34

17

Top view of the drone

39

18

Side view of the drone

39

vii

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

B

TITLE

PAGE

The drone’s model and 3-d design generated by TinkerCad

27

Meetings minute

28

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The project that our group planning to implement is a delivery drone. The components used in delivery drone is mostly same to the normal drone but the different is the normal drone basically controlled by someone while the delivery drone is improvised that control autonomously which is no human handling it. As we might know, the drone is a flying unmanned aircraft technology that fly controlled by human or fly autonomously by the software. The drone can make beneficial to human by having the various functions such as recording something with 360 degrees view from the sky, becoming guard security and delivering the items. In general, the concept of drones has been taken from 1849 which is a war happened when Austria attacked Venice by using unmanned balloons. From this basic concept giving idea to the human to make the drones changed from illegal functions to the legal functions. Besides, in the beginning of 1900s, the first quadcopters were implemented. At the time, the copter was designed imaginatively. In addition, the created drone nowadays is further in advanced cause at the early 1900s the flying aircraft achieve only 0.6 meters and also sadly need the human energy to make it flying. This making idea to the engineers for making a self-controlling drone that can fly as high as possible. Then, after World War 1, in 1916 the first autonomous aircraft was built by Archibald Low called Ruston Proctor Aerial Target. The pilotless aircraft used the radio guidance system at that time. The concept of pilotless drone still make sense nowadays cause it has more advantages than disadvantages. Furthermore, in 1937 the term of drone firstly launching by developing Curtiss-N2C-2 drone. Besides, in 1930s the first a remote controlled model aircraft was built by Reginald Denny and Walter Righter. After that, in 1960s RC planes kit was built and sold at reasonable cost and this attracted the enthusiasts to build and fly it for fun. This idea had been taken by industry drones to grow the economic. In 1980 till 1989, alternative powers sources which is solar power had been attracted attention by engineers. This had led manufacturing AeroVironment HALSOL. 1

Next, in 2000, in Afghanistan they launch a famous drone called Predator for projectile and also finding Osama Bin Laden. During 1990s-2010, drone start to grow and accepted by human until now. During the time, Raven drone was mostly used by customers. In the early 2010s, a lot of customers used drone as a hobbyist and other new functional drones start to be introduced such as delivery vehicles. In addition, drone was added extra equipping like cameras. This is because the cameras are commonly used in photography and videography. The graphic or view from the sky is much beautiful. As for example, to make it a movie better in graphic, the director commonly use drone with embedded cameras. Then, the advances drone allows us to control speed of 4 or more rotors individually. This will improve the stability of the drones to fly and can be used in number of ways. Drone has been made improvising to delivery drone. Nowadays, there are many countries in developing and enlarging the uses of delivery drone. The knowledge or idea to build delivery drone in certain country is still less. In Malaysia, the uses of delivery drone to deliver the items is still zero due to the government still depend on the sending the items by human energy. There are many sending items’ companies in Malaysia using human energy such as Pos Laju, Grabfood, Foodpanda, DHL and Lalamove. Therefore, they think the delivery drone is no need in the country to send the items. Otherwise, they should try using the delivery drone in sending items for replacing or helping human’s energy. In addition, all country also should invent and use the delivery drone like the USA that currently introduced their delivery drone and firstly used by the consumers. On October 2019, Wing company from US becoming the first in operating air delivery service by drones to homes. The items that usually brought by delivery drone created by Wing Company are packages, medication, snacks, and gifts and these will be transported to the consumers in Christiansburg, Va. The Wing company helped FedEx Express and Walgreens in sending the items to the customers by using drone. This made a history to the World and also in America cause the Wing company was the first company collaborated with other delivery services in US and sent items pilotless.

2

CHAPTER 2

AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES

The objective implementing the delivery drones is to make it easy deliver items to homes. The delivery drone that our project aims and target to the residents of apartment, flat, townhouse and condo. This is because without the delivery drone it will troublesome the customers and senders. As for example, the senders or the customers will be forced to climb up or fall down the stairs for receiving and also sending the items. This will impact their time to do other job. In addition, with the aid of delivery drone it will reduce the senders’ job and also not disturbing the customers’ working time. Then, the speed of delivery drone also aids in sending the items as soon as possible. The delivery drone also will send the items on time. Nowadays, customers often complain the item received lately. Therefore, the delivery drones should be used by delivery services. The implementing of delivery drones also to save the energy. Mostly delivery drone uses the rechargeable battery to move the rotors. The rechargeable battery is renewable energy that can be used for long-lasting. Some others drone uses solar energy in charging their drones. This will reduce the uses of non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. This is because sending item by using vehicles like motorcycles, cars, vans and also lorries will spend a lot of nonrenewable energy. Besides, it will also save human’s energy. This is because the customers and senders do not waste their energy when taking or sending the items especially for the residents of apartment, flat and condo at high floor. Next, the aim to implement the delivery drone is growing up economic. This is because the invention of delivery drone will provide the market to other country. This will enlarge and increase up the national’s currency. In addition, the invention of delivery drone developing the national’s science and technology industry. Then, the country with delivery drone technology attracts the attention of businessman to invest the money. The delivery drone aid in growing up economic.

3

Then, the objective implementing delivery drone also for environmentalfriendly. This is because the delivery drone uses renewable energy that does not release out the harmful substances to the environment. The renewable energy like battery or solar used by the delivery drone will not affect the condition of air surrounding. Otherwise, the uses of vehicles that have combustion of fuel in sending the items to somewhere will affect the environment surrounding. As for example, the uses of cars, vans, motorcycles, and lorry may cause the air pollution. This is because those vehicles exhaling out smoke from combustion of fuel that contain harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide that harm to human. Therefore, the implementing of delivery drone will reduce the air pollution and make air surrounding clean. Furthermore, the traffic congestion will be reduced if the delivery drone is manufactured. Nowadays, the traffic congestion becoming serious due to a lot of vehicles use the road to a destination. In addition, a lot of delivery company services use the land vehicles to send the items to the customers that make the road becoming busier. Therefore, we should use the delivery drone to reduce the traffic jam. This is because delivery drone use through air to send customers’ item. This will give more benefits as air road do not busy as land road. The choice of air road by delivery drone will speed up the time in sending items compared to vehicles on the land. Hence, the faster sending items, the more economic growth. Lastly, in 2019 till now all country is infected with the new virus which is Corona Virus named as Covid-19. The increasing of the death cases makes all country taking a careful care to prevent from infection of Corona Virus. In addition, all country took an action such as keep the social distance. So, what is our planning is to implement the delivery drone that keep the distance away from others. This is because the delivery drone sending items to customer’s home autonomously without pilot. Otherwise, if we are using the vehicles with the pilot in sending items, then it will tend to touched each other. Therefore, the risk to be infected by Corona Virus is becoming high. In addition, delivery drone also can be used to send the vaccines to hospitals. Hence, delivery drone is very useful during Covid-19.

4

CHAPTER 3

DELIVERY DRONE AS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

3.1 Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth By implementing industry of delivery drone, it will give a chance to people get a job suitable with their qualification. This is because refer to the International Labor Organization, there were 204 million people have no job in 2015. In Malaysia also, the fresh graduated students have no job that will increase up the poverty among the people. Therefore, the creation of delivery drone gave the ideas to others to enlarge the manufacturing of delivery drone and also enlarge this industry to create this type of drone more and more for future. The intake of people in this industry will aid providing sustained economic growth, productivity in higher levels and innovative in technologies.

3.2 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructures The investment innovation of delivery drone will drive up the economic growth and development. In addition, the innovation of drone to be used in various function such as delivery drone promoted the efficiency of working. As the delivery drone send items in faster compared to vehicles on the land. This technology of drone is a key to maintain both economic and environmental problems. As for example, it promotes the efficiency of energy. Then, it also promotes sustainable industries, innovation and investing by referring to scientific research. Therefore, those will facilitate in sustainable development.

5

3.3 Goal 10: Sustainable Cities and Communities The sustainable development will not be achieved without changing the urban spaces into the smart cities. Hence, the investment of delivery drone in cities will promote the cities to become sustainable. This is because delivery drone has more advantages to people and also environment in cities. By using the delivery drone instead of vehicles such as cars or motorcycles, it will reduce the air pollution around the cities and also reduce the illness of human towards the polluted air. Therefore, we should use delivery drone as it promotes green environment.

6

CHAPTER 4

THE DRONE

4.1 Target market Introduce delivery drone for E-commerce businesses. E-commerce like Lazada, Shopee and Carousel should have delivery system designed to get packages to the customer in less than 30 minutes. The deliver drone helps to cut last miles deliver time and minimize the cost associated with it. As the delivery drone services market expands overtime, it is anticipated that the trend of outsourcing delivery service by Ecommerce businesses to other businesses that own and operates a drone fleet. Introduce delivery drone for restaurants. The logistics of delivery foo...