Protocol Study Guide - Scrotum Testicle PDF

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Protocol Study Guide Scrotum/testicle 1. Applications of testicular ultrasound a. Testicular size b. Inflammatory process c. Prescence and composition masses d. Fluid collections e. Scrotal trauma f. Doppler/torsion g. Scrotal pain h. Location of undescended testicle 2. With scrotal trauma, there is always a concern for ____ a. Torsion 3. True or False. 2D alone is sufficient for testes US a. False. Need color doppler and spectral 4. Fibrous septum between two compartment sac a. Median raphe 5. What do the compartment sacs contain? a. Testis, Epididymis, Part of ductus deferens 6. Another name for ductus deferens? a. Vas deferens 7. What does the ductus deferens contain? a. Arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics, seminal duct 8. The ductus deferens is located within the _____ a. Spermatic cord 9. Approx size of the veins within spermatic cord? a. 2mm 10. The ______ is a major blood supply to the tests and pierces the ______ at posterosuperior aspect testis a. Testicular artery; tunica albuginea 11. _____ arteries course periphery of testis in the tunica vasculosa a. Capsular 12. Capsular arteries branch to _____ arteries that penetrate the testicular parenchyma and run toward the _____ a. Centripetal; mediastinum 13. Centripetal arteries branch to ______ arteries that course back toward the periphery of testis a. Recurrent rami 14. Which artery supplies the epididymis and vas deferens?

a. Deferential artery 15. Cremasteric artery supplies the ______ a. Peritestitcular tissue 16. Venous outflow of testis? Where does it empty? a. Pampiniform plexus b. Empties into internal spermatic or testicular veins 17. Are the following arteries high or low resistance? a. Testicular artery – low b. Capsular – low c. Centripetal – low d. Recurrent rami – low e. Deferential – high f. Cremasteric – high 18. The main blood supply in the testes is going to have ____ resistance similar to the (ECA or ICA). a. Low resistance; ICA 19. Mediastinum is a support system for the ____ a. Rete testes 20. What are the 3 parts of the epididymis and which is the largest part a. Head (globus major), body (corpus), tail (globus minor) b. Largest is head 21. The head of the epididymis lies ____ to the testis and measures ____ in diameter a. Superior; 10-12mm 22. Body and tail lie ____ to testis and measure ____ in diameter a. Posteroinferior; 2-5mm 23. Does the size of epididymis increase or decrease with increased age? a. Decrease. Testes decrease as well do to lower testosterone production 24. This posterior aspect of the testis functions as support system for ducts and vessels a. Mediastinum testis 25. Echogenicity of mediastinum? a. Hyperechoic; don’t mistake for pathology 26. Measurement of testis a. 3-5 cm long b. 2-4 cm wide c. 2-3 cm AP 27. Thickness of scrotal wall? a. 2-8mm 28. Testes are both endocrine and exocrine. True or False a. True 29. Describe the endocrine and exocrine function a. Endocrine: produce sperm and testosterone (hormones)

b. Exocrine: produce semen to provide transportation medium for sperm 30. Sonographic appearance of testis a. Midgray medium level echoes even texture. Similar to thyroid 31. Sono appearance of epididymis a. Midgray or medium level echoes. Iso or slightly more hyperechoic than normal testis. 32. Sono appearance of mediastinum a. Very echogenic. seen in long view as echogenic line sup to inf or parallel to epididymis. in trans seen as ovoid structure in 3:00 or 9:00 position 33. Hyperechoic protuberances superior to testis and epididymis? a. Appendix testis and appendix epididymis 34. Sono appearance of spermatic cord a. Multiple hypoechoic linear structure in sag and circular hypoechoic structure in trv 35. When are appendix testes usually visualized a. With a hydrocele they stand out more. without any fluid they compress and cant really tell they are there. important to know that if there is fluid and you see theses appendixes don’t mistake for a mass 36. When looking for varicoceles, where are they located? a. Spermatic cord 37. Identify the following images

a.

b.

A. appendix epididymis. B. Appendix testis 38. Testes have _____ vascular resistance a. Low 39. Low resistance flow (testicular, capsular, centripetal, recurrent rami) have ____ systolic peaks and ____ levels of diastolic flow. Similar to the (ECA or ICA a. Broad; high; ICA 40. High resistance flow (deferential and cremasteric) have___ systolic peaks and ____ levels of diastolic flow, similar to ____ a. High; low; ECA 41. What is the flow of spermatic/pampiniform plexus a. Minimal to moderate 42. Epididymis flow? a. Very slight flicker or dashes of flow

43. Testicular, defernetial, cremasteric, centripetal, and capsular arteries flow? a. Moderate flow 44. Confirm both intratesticular and epididymal flow using ______ a. Both color and conventional waveform analysis 45. What can you use as a reference point when demonstrating intratesticular flow a. Mediastinum 46. Acute torsion has less than ____ hours a. 6 47. Chronic torsion more than____ hrs there is absent intratesticular flow and increased _____ flow a. 24; peritesticular flow 48. True or False: Color doppler can differentiate malignant hypervascularity from inflammatory hypervascularity. a. False . cant differentiate. 49. Patient position for testicular a. Supine with legs slightly spread or semi frog position 50. Transducer a. 5-12MHz b. *** really more than 5MHZ you want the higher freq bc it’s a superficial structure 51. Valsalva maneuver can be used to detect ____ a. Varicoceles 52. Measurement during Valsalva maneuver a. 2mm some will use 3mm as upper limit...