PSC 136 Notes (Lecture 14) PDF

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Lecture 14 of Psychology of Music with Dr. Petr Janata...

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Lecture 14 -

Music evoked chills Certain passages of music can trigger chills or frisson - Frisson: a sudden strong feeling of excitement or fear; a thrill

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Chills are pleasing for many If they are highly pleasurable, can the experience of music-induced chills be linked to dopamine and the reward system?

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Studying chills in the laboratory Somewhat challenging because the pieces of music and moments in those pieces for which people experience chills can be very idiosyncratic Strategy - Have each person in a group select a piece of music for which they regularly experience a chill. This is that person’s chill stimulus - For any given person, the other people’s chill stimuli become that person’s control (neutral) stimuli How positron emission tomography (PET) works to measure dopamine activity Raclopride is a dopamine antagonist - It competes with dopamine to bind to D2 dopamine receptors The raclopride is radiolabeled (it has a radioactive carbon atom) - This allows the PET scanner to detect where it is bound in the brain If a lot of dopamine has been released at a site in the brain, not as much raclopride can bind to dopamine receptors, i.e. there is a reduction in binding potential (BP) - Therefore: less raclopride signal = more endogenous dopamine release Consuming decisions Listening with intent to expend time and/or money on the music - What goes on in our brains as we try to decide how much money or effort to invest in obtaining a piece of music? - Test this experimentally - Subject receive a $10 budget and hear 60 excerpts - Upon hearing each excerpt they indicate how much they would pay/bid for it - Subjects receive the music they acquired during the experiment - Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens, auditory cortex, the amygdala, and VMPFC increases when desirability of the music increases - This decision is made around 14 second of listening Dopamine modulates the experiences elicited by music Music paradigm - Stimuli

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- 10 experimenter-selected pop songs - 5 favorite pieces of music - Tasks - Realtime pleasure ratings - Post-excerpt ratings - Bidding on unfamiliar music Monetary incentive delay (MID) paradigm - Stimuli - Trials with low or high monetary gains or losses - Tasks - Speeded response to target stimuli. Making a response within a restricted time frame secures gain or avoids loss A direct pharmacological intervention Manipulation of dopaminergic synaptic availability - Dopamine precursor (levodopa) - Makes more dopamine available for release - Dopamine antagonist (risperidone) - Blocks D2-like dopamine receptors - Placebo (lactose) - Does not modulate dopamine availability Dopamine precursor = more chills People spent more money on unfamiliar music after dopamine precursor Dopamine drives a lot of these pleasure responses as well as the motivation and desire to acquire the piece of music Musical anhedonia

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When people don’t like music Functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and ventral striatum is weaker in the anhedonic group...