PSY111 Mastery Workbook PDF

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Psychology 111: General Psychology Mastery Workbook 2016-2017 Edition

Name: Robbie Garlick Instructor:

Adapted for use with Psychology: Perspectives and Connections Gregory J. Feist and Erika L. Rosenberg, Authors McGraw Hill Education, Publisher by Paul D. Ackerman and Sarah D. Fouquet Department of Psychology, Wichita State University Copyright 2016, All rights reserved

Name: Robbie Garlick

Table of Contents For Your Records......................................................................................................................3 Available Resources.................................................................................................................4 Psychology at Wichita State University....................................................................................5 Why the Mastery Workbook....................................................................................................6 Completing Your Workbook.....................................................................................................7 Chap 1: Introduction to Psychology..........................................................................................8 Chap 2: Conducting Research in Psychology...........................................................................10 Chap 3: The Biology of Behavior............................................................................................12 Chap 4: Sensing and Perceiving Our World.............................................................................14 Chap 5: Human Development................................................................................................16 Chap 6: Consciousness...........................................................................................................18 Chap 7: Memory....................................................................................................................20 Chap 8: Learning....................................................................................................................22 Chap 9: Language and Thought..............................................................................................24 Chap 10: Intelligence, Problem Solving, and Creativity...........................................................26 Chap 11: Motivation and Emotion.........................................................................................28 Chap 12: Stress and Health....................................................................................................30 Chap 13: Personality: The Uniqueness of the Individual.........................................................32 Chap 14: Social Behavior........................................................................................................34 Chap 15: Psychological Disorders...........................................................................................36 Chap 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders......................................................................38

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Name: Robbie Garlick

For Your Records Important Information: Your Instructor: Phone:3168808075

Office: E-Mail: [email protected]

Psychology 111 Section Number:

Room:

Psychology Department Office: 437 Jabara Hall

Remember to check your Blackboard site often for announcements and other information as directed by your instructor. Please make sure your email is set to receive messages via your wichita.edu address.

Last day to drop with a "W":

Date of Final Exam!

Date:

Time:

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Available Resources You may find yourself in a situation where you need help outside of class. There are multiple resources on campus devoted to your success. Below is a list of resources that may be beneficial to you as you and your educational progress: The Writing Center, located in 601 Lindquist Hall, is devoted to individualized tutoring in writing regardless of the subject. If you are concerned about plagiarism, the writing center will also proof your assignments before you turn them in. Appointments are appreciated, but walk-ins are always welcome. If you'd like to schedule an appointment, please call 978-3173 or contact the Director of the Writing Center, Kerry Jones, M.F.A. at [email protected] The Office of Student Success provides support for academic and social needs students may have throughout their college careers. They offer the following services and resources: firstyear programs such as orientation and WSU 101; academic support programs such as tutoring and supplemental instruction; the Office for Student Money Management; and the Military and Veteran Student Center. They are located in 115 Neff Hall. One Stop is a 24/7 support center for students. They provide technical support regarding blackboard and mywichita.edu, as well as forms and registration. Self service options exist their their website (Wichita.edu/onestop) , in person in Jabara Hall, Room 122, or by phone at 855-978-1787. Library Assistance is available for students enrolled in psychology classes. Our library liaison is Shonn Haren. He specializes in psychology and is available for support regarding using library resources, literature searches, and information tools. He is available by phone at 978-6331 or by email, [email protected]. McGraw-Hill Connect Support is also available to you if you are experiencing issues with your McGraw-Hill Connect account, including syncing to blackboard. They are available via online chat or email at http://mpss.mhhe.com, or by phone at 1-800-331-5094.

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Psychology at Wichita State University The Psychology Department at WSU offers both undergraduate and graduate education in Psychology. The undergraduate psychology program is designed to provide a solid research orientation in experimental and quasiexperimental design and analysis with balanced attention to basic psychological processes (learning, cognition, perception, motivation, emotion, consciousness, physiology, etc.); social/cultural dimensions (social, developmental, personality, developmental, etc.); and applied issues and perspectives (clinical, community, substance abuse, testing & measurement, etc.) The graduate program offers doctoral degrees in Psychology with a focus in Community, Clinical, or Human Factors Psychology. Each of the three departments (Clinical, Community, and Human Factors) offer undergraduate certificate programs for students preparing for graduate study or entering the workforce. A good source of information regarding the Psychology program at WSU is via our website, www.Wichita.edu/psychology

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Why the Mastery Workbook The purpose of this mastery workbook is to help you get the most out of this course, regardless of your major. Psychology is a vast discipline covering more than anyone could possibly do justice to in a one-semester summary. Yet the Wichita State University faculty wants a coherent core of general education knowledge for all WSU students. Similarly, the Psychology Department faculty wants an identifiable core of content across all sections of General Psychology. This Mastery Workbook is designed to facilitate meeting these university and departmental goals. Each instructor and student brings unique interests and perspectives to the study of psychology. Furthermore, we hope that you are able to take the concepts learned in this course and apply them to your own life outside of the classroom. Not everyone wants to major in psychology, but surely everyone can benefit from understanding the basic components of learning and memory and apply them to their education. This Mastery Workbook does not cover everything in your textbook or everything your instructor will cover. It does not cover everything you will be tested on in your individual section. Think of this workbook as preparation for the final exam. Think of it as a study guide for the final exam. This workbook identifies basic material that your textbook and all sections will cover. This core knowledge for all Psychology 111 sections emphasizes the historical roots of psychology, research statistics and methods, as well as key persons, experiments, and concepts in the various research domains. All of the matters covered are deemed to be particularly relevant to the General Education mission of the university.

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Completing Your Workbook 1. Please write your name on your workbook! Depending on how often and how many sections you complete, you may have to write your name on multiple pages. The space for this has been provided at the top of every page 2. Write your answer using the blank near the right margin of the page 3. Do not wait until the last minute to complete your workbook. The number of questions becomes daunting when you must turn in multiple pages. Also, this workbook should supplement lecture material and reading, and as such, should be completed as the course progresses. 4. You can use the mastery workbook as a study guide:  Cover the right-side of the workbook page and quiz yourself over the questions  Cover the left-side of the workbook, and be able to generate definitions and applied examples of the terms provided  Use the mastery workbook to quiz other students 5. If questions rise regarding the mastery workbook, do not be afraid to approach your instructor, they are often more than willing help you.

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Chap 1: Introduction to Psychology “Science is beautiful when it makes simple explanations of phenomena or connections between different observations.” – Stephen Hawking Psychology as a scientific discipline is usually considered to have begun with Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), who started the first laboratory in Germany at the University of Leipzig. As a physiologist, he sought to apply scientific methods to the process of introspection. However long before Wundt, philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato pondered the relationship between body and soul. While philosophers sought to explain such connections, physicians and physiologists wondered about the physical aspect of the brain itself. Famous physicist and physician Gustav Fechner is often credited for performing some of the very first experimental psychophysiology experiments with his studies of perception in the 1800’s. Today, psychologists view both mind and behavior as legitimate subject matter and define psychology as the study of behavior and mental processes. Every scientific discipline has a goal of discovery and understanding. The goals of psychology surrounding human behavior and cognitive processes include description, explanation, prediction, and control. Before a behavior or mindset can be predicted or changed, there must be an understanding or description of what is happening and an explanation of why it occurs. The educational value of psychology goes beyond this course and your textbook. The principles of psychology can be applied to your everyday life if you take the time to truly dig into the topics discussed throughout this course.

People Behaviorism Functionalism Gestalt Psychology

Mastery Bank Perspectives Humanistic Psychology Positive Psychology Structuralism

Sigmund Freud William James John B. Watson Wilhelm Wundt

1. This psychologist is associated with functionalism and considered to be the founder of American psychology.

1. Sigmund Freud

2. This school of thought argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offered the best way to understand thought and behavior. Their method was called “introspection”.

2. Structuralism

3. Considered the “father of psychology”, he founded the first formal psychological lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig in Germany

3. Wilhelm Wundt

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Name: Robbie Garlick 4. A school of psychology that proposed that psychology could be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives. 5. This psychologist challenged the use of introspection and founded behaviorism as an extreme form of environmentalism viewing all behavior as coming from experience interacting with the world. 6. This perspective focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one’s highest potential. 7. A scientific approach to studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning. 8. This school of psychology replaced structuralism, choosing to focus on why the mind works the way it does rather than describe its parts. 9. This psychologist developed a clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders that assumes the existence of an unconscious mind that is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior. 10. This perspective—after the German word for “whole form”—proposed that perception occurs in unified wholes where the whole is more than the sum of its parts.

4. Behaviorism

5. John B. Watson

6.

Humanistic Psychology

7.

Positive Psychology

8.

Functionalism

9.

William James

10. Gestalt psychology

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Chap 2: Conducting Research in Psychology “If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?” -Albert Einstein Psychologists use the scientific method to meet the goals of discovery and understanding human behavior and mental processes. By understanding the different methods used to investigate a question, one can better evaluate the results. Scientific claims are prolific, it is important to discern between claims that are founded on valid research with solid methodology and those which are not. Many people are deceived by bogus claims, in part, because they lack knowledge of the scope and limitations of the various methodology and statistics you will learn throughout this course. It is our hope that you use the concepts learning in this course to make better judgments about the quality of scientific claims that you encounter, particularly when they have the potential to impact you, your family, and your community.

Confounding variable Control Group Correlation Coefficients

Mastery Bank Dependent Variable Experiment Experimental Group

1. A research design that includes independent and dependent variables and random assignment of participants to control and experimental groups or conditions. This research design allows the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.

Independent Variable Inferential statistics Random Assignment

1. Experiment

2. Studies that measure two or more variables and their relationship to one another: they are not designed to show causation.

2.

Correlation Designs

3. A group consisting of those participants who will receive the treatment or whatever is predicted to change behavior.

3.

Experimental Group

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Name: Robbie Garlick 4. A group of research participants who are treated in exactly the same manner as the experimental group except that they do not receive the independent variable, or treatment.

4.

Control Group

5. The method used to assign participants to different research conditions, so that all participants have the same chance of being in any specific group.

5.

Random Assignment

6. In an experiment, the outcome of or response to an experimental manipulation. The researcher manipulates something to see if it has an effect. The affected variable is called the ___________.

6.

Dependent Variable

7. Analysis of data that allow us to test hypotheses and make an inference as to how likely a sample score is to occur in a population The researcher seeks to rule out chance as an explanation for why group scores differ.

7.

8. Statistics that range from -1.0 to +1.0 and assess the strength and direction of association between two variables.

8.

Inferential Statistics

9. A variable whose influence on the dependent variable cannot be separated from the independent variable being examined.

9.

Confounding Variable

10. A property that is manipulated by an experimenter under controlled conditions to determine whether it caused the predicted outcome of an experiment.

10. Independent Variable

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Name: Robbie Garlick

Chap 3: The Biology of Behavior “The human brain has 100 billion neurons, each neuron connected to 10 thousand other neurons. Sitting on your shoulders is the most complicated object in the known universe.” -Michio Kaku Biology is the foundation of behavior. Every behavior, process, emotion, and thought is dictated by the actions of the brain, cells, glands, and muscles in our body. It is estimated that we have learned more about the human brain in the last 10-15 years than in the history of all of mankind (Kaku, 2014). With the considerable advancements in technology, we now have the ability to integrate our knowledge of behavior with the physical components driving it. Before approaching the biological perspective as a whole, it is first best to understand the building blocks of the nervous system. The nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the various parts of body. From there each system is broken down into the different functions it performs and the organs, glands, and cells responsible. The very building block (and subsequently the smallest unit) of the nervous system is the neuron. This cell is responsible for transmitting those messages. Understanding how the brain works at a biological level is important, particularly when explaining the mechanisms behind perception, learning, reward, and motivation. Mastery Bank Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Hippocampus Hypothalamus

Peripheral Nervous System

Neurons Neurotransmitters Neuroplasticity Synapse

Parasympathetic Nervous System

1. This division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. 2. All the nerves of the peripheral nervous system that serve involuntary systems of the body, such as the internal organs and glands.

1. Central Nervous System

2.

Autonomic Nervous System

3. The cells that process and transmit information in the nervous system.

3.

Neurons

4. The junction between an axon and the adjacent neuron, where information is transmitted from one

4.

Synapse 12

Name: Robbie Garlick neuron to another. 5. This division of the nervous system connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

5.

Peripheral Nervous System

6.

Neuroplasticity

7.

Neurotransmitters

8. The branch of the autonomic nervous system that usually relaxes or returns the body to a less active, restful state.

8.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

9. A limbic structure; the master regulator of almost all major drives and motives we have, such as hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior; also controls the pituitary gland.

9.

Hypothalamus

6. The brain’s ability to adopt new functions, reorganize itself, or make new neural connections throughout life, as a function of experience. 7. Chemicals that transmit information between neurons.

10. A limbic struc...