PSYC 312 Quiz 2 - Quiz prep and practice questions. PDF

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Quiz prep and practice questions....

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202040 Fall 2020 PSYC 312-D08 LUO Quiz 2

Question 1 2 out of 2 points

Self-fulfilling prophecies most often are a result of

Selected Answer: inadvertent and unconscious influences of individuals’ schemas.

Question 2 2 out of 2 points

When people tend to focus on the properties of objects without consideration of the context, this is described as a(n) ___________ thinking style.

Selected Answer: analytic

Question 3 2 out of 2 points

When Ashley first starts typing, she uses the “hunt and peck” method and finds typing very effortful. Now, after taking a typing class, she feels like her papers practically type themselves once she figures out what she wants to say. This change in her typing reflects a shift from

Selected Answer: controlled to automatic thinking.

Question 4 2 out of 2 points

According to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be ________ likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of ________.

Selected Answer: more; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema

Question 5 2 out of 2 points

Recall Medvec and her colleagues’ (1995) study of the emotions experienced by Olympic athletes who won bronze and silver medals. If silver medalists outperformed bronze medalists, why were they less happy?

Selected Answer: It was easier for silver medalists to imagine winning the gold medal.

Question 6 2 out of 2 points

Diana currently has a goal to lose fifteen pounds by the summer, and she notices that lately her friend, Sarah, hasn’t been eating much. Based on your text’s discussion of how current goals can affect accessibility, how is Diana most likely to interpret Sarah’s behavior?

Selected Answer: Sarah must be on a diet too.

Question 7

2 out of 2 points

Jacob’s friend, Tom asks him, “Do you think I’m short-tempered?” Jacob had never really thought about how short-tempered or calm Tom was until he had asked. Nonetheless, Jacob was able to provide him a quick answer. What social cognitive process was most likely involved in this judgment?

Selected Answer: availability heuristic

Question 8 2 out of 2 points

Reasoning based on the ease with which we can bring something to mind involves the use of the ________ heuristic.

Selected Answer: availability

Question 9 2 out of 2 points

All of the following describe controlled thinking except

Selected Answer: effortless.

Question 10 2 out of 2 points

The planning fallacy is the tendency to __________.

Selected Answer: underestimate the time it will take to complete a project, even when past experience shows that you tend to underestimate your timing

Question 11 2 out of 2 points

Warren believes that Tom is an outgoing, gregarious person. “Whom did you hang out with this weekend?” Warren asks Tom. “Tell me about all of the fun things that you have planned for the summer,” Warren continues. Although Tom is usually rather quiet and reserved, he responds to Warren in an outgoing, friendly manner. This is an example of

Selected Answer: a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 12 2 out of 2 points

Which of the following is a function of controlled thinking?

Selected Answer: to provide checks and balances on automatic thinking

Question 13 2 out of 2 points

Automatic thinking tends to be all of the following except

Selected Answer: voluntary.

Question 14 2 out of 2 points

One day, Professor Burns came into class and put his briefcase onto the desk in the front of the room. The desk promptly fell apart and the briefcase tumbled to the floor. Because of perceptual salience, what will students be most likely to think?

Selected Answer: Professor Burn ruined that desk.

Question 15 2 out of 2 points

When Marnie met Phillip, he was drunk and loud. Now, months later, she still doesn't like him very much, even though she recently found out the reason he was so drunk was because his cold medicine interacted with the alcohol. The lingering opinion of Phillip is a result of

Selected Answer: belief perseverance

Question 16 2 out of 2 points

The main idea of the role of perceptual salience in attributions is

Selected Answer: what we notice is presumed to be the cause of behavior.

Question 17 2 out of 2 points

The belief in a just world is a ________, which helps people ________.

Selected Answer: defensive attribution; view life as safe, orderly, and predictable

Question 18 2 out of 2 points

During spring term of her senior year, Linda feels overwhelmed with personal problems that she keeps to herself. She stops attending any extracurricular events and starts missing classes. Who is making the “fundamental attribution error” about Linda’s behavior?

Selected Answer: Carl, who says that she’s gotten lazy

Question 19 2 out of 2 points

When people make attributions, research has suggested that they rely less on consensus information than the covariation model suggests, and rely more heavily on

Selected Answer: consistency and distinctiveness.

Question 20 2 out of 2 points

After losing a Little League softball game between the Rockets and the Tigers, what is the coach of the losing Rockets likely to say?

Selected Answer: “Boy, those Tigers have never played better than they did today.”

Question 21 2 out of 2 points

When distinctiveness is ________, consensus is ________, and consistency is high, people are likely to make an external attribution.

Selected Answer: high; high

Question 22 2 out of 2 points

When we decide that there is something about the situation that is causing a behavior, we are making a(n) ________ attribution.

Selected Answer: external

Question 23 2 out of 2 points

According to research presented in this chapter, there are two steps involved in the attribution process. When Emma makes an attributional error, it’s because she neglects to

Selected Answer: adjust for situational factors.

Question 24

2 out of 2 points

When people make the fundamental attribution error, they tend to

Selected Answer: underestimate the situational constraints on people’s behavior.

Question 25 2 out of 2 points

The primacy effect involves using the ____ traits we perceive in others to understand additional information we learn about them.

Selected Answer: first...