-PSYC 444 Sleep Mechanisms and Behaviour Winter 2019 final PDF

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PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

PSYC%444%Sleep%Mechanisms%and%Behaviour% % % Time:% % Tuesdays%and%Thursdays%13:00-14:30% % % Place:% % MacDonald-Harrington%Bldg%G-10% % Instructor:%% Elizaveta%Solomonova,%PhD% % % [email protected]% % Office%Hours:%by%appointment.% % Teaching%Assistants:% TBD% % Course%objectives:%We%spend,%on%average,%about%a%third%of%our%lives%sleeping.%All%animals%sleep,% and%all%living%cells%have%periods%of%activity%and%quiet.%Still,%there%is%no%consensus%on%the%main% question:%why%do%we%sleep?%This%course%is%divided,%roughly,%into%six%main%themes.%1)%Sleep% psychophysiology.%How%is%sleep%defined%and%measured?%What%are%sleep%stages?%How%does%sleep% patterns%change%throughout%the%night%and%throughout%lifespan?%These%and%other%fundamental% issues%in%sleep%science%will%be%covered%in%this%section.%2)%Circadian%regulation%of%sleep%and% wakefulness.%%All%living%organisms%follow%predictable%patterns%of%activity-rest%during%the%day.% What%are%circadian%rhythms?%How%many%hours%of%sleep%do%we%need%per%night?%When%is%it%best% to%sleep?%3)%Functions%of%sleep.%What%is%sleep%for?%While%there%is%no%clear-cut%answer%to%that% question,%a%number%of%hypotheses%have%emerged.%Evolutionary%and%cognitive%functions%of%sleep% will%be%presented.%4)%Sleep-wake%regulation%disorders.%How%can%sleep%go%wrong?%While%sleep%is%a% powerful%force%and%it%is%almost%impossible%to%fight%it,%sometimes%it%does%not%come%easy.%Main% sleep%disorders%will%be%discussed,%including%insomnia,%restless%legs%syndrome,%sleep-disordered% breathing%and%others.%5)%The%variety%of%conscious%experiences%in%sleep.%While,%for%the%outside% observer,%the%sleeper%looks%immobile%and%passive,%many%vivid%and%immersive%experiences% happen%in%sleep.%We%will%tackle%fundamental%questions,%such%as%why%do%we%dream?%What%are% the%functions%(if%any)%of%dreams?%Do%we%dream%all%night?%Is%it%possible%to%escape%a%nightmare?%6)% Parasomnias.%Parasomnias%are%roughly%defined%as%“events%surrounding%sleep”.%We%will%discuss% REM%and%NREM%sleep%parasomnias,%such%as%REM%sleep%behaviour%disorder,%sleepwalking,%night% terrors%and%others.% % Learning%Outcomes:%By%the%end%if%this%course%students%should%be%able%to%acquire%knowledge% about%basics%of%sleep%neurophysiology,%synthesize%information%about%sleep%disorders%and% available%psychological%treatments,%and%identify%sleep-dependent%component%to%many% fundamental%cognitive%processes.% % Instructional%Method.%This%course%will%consist%of%bi-weekly%lectures,%readings%and%short%group% discussions.%MyCourses%will%be%used%to%circulate%readings,%announcements%and%to%discuss%class% material%in%forum%form.% 1% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

% Research%paper:%% Write%a%5-7-page%critical'review%paper%on%an%experimental%article%of%your%choice%in%the% domain%of%sleep%research.%You%may%use%any%of%the%optional%readings.%You%may%choose%any%other% article,%in%which%case,%you%must%get%instructor’s%approval%by%email.%A%review%article/book% chapter/theoretical%paper%may%not%be%used%for%this%exercise.%Your%paper%must%have%the% following%sections:%% - Introduction:%Why%is%this%topic%important?%What%is%the%state%of%knowledge%about%this% topic,%what%are%the%knowledge%gaps?% - Article%review:%Objectives,%Hypotheses,%Methods%(population%studied,%variables%and% techniques)%used% - Critical%discussion:%What%have%we%learned?%How%does%this%paper%contribute%to% knowledge%about%the%topic?%What%are%the%strengths/weaknesses%of%the%methods?%How% does%this%paper%change%our%understanding%of%the%topic?%What%are%the%next%steps?% - The%paper%must%integrate%at'least%5%other%sources%(peer-reviewed%articles,%book% chapters),%discuss%theory%and%methodology%of%the%article.% % The%research%paper%should%be%written%in%accordance%with%the%APA%rules%and%is%due%on%the%last% day%of%class,%April%11.%% If%you%miss%one%midterm,%the%paper%will%replace%this%midterm%(25%%of%the%final%grade).%If%you% miss%both%midterms%for%excusable%reasons,%the%paper%will%replace%both%midterms%(40%%of%the% final%grade).%Finally,%you%may%choose%to%write%the%paper%even%if%you%don’t%miss%midterms.%In%this% case,%two%best%grades%will%be%used%(between%midterm%1,%midterm%2%and%paper).% % Two%midterm%exams:%The%first%midterm%exam%will%take%place%on%January%31.%It%will%cover%all% assigned%material%(lectures%and%required%readings)%from%the%beginning%of%the%class%until%the% midterm.%The%second%midterm%exam%will%take%place%on%February%28.%It%will%cover%all%assigned% material%(lectures%and%required%readings)%presented%between%first%and%second%midterms.%The% exams%will%consist%of%multiple-choice%questions,%fill-in-the%blank%questions,%and%short%answer% questions.%Each%midterm%is%worth%20%%of%the%final%grade.% % Final%exam:%The%exam%will%consist%of%multiple-choice%questions,%fill-in-the-blank%questions%and% short%answer%questions.%The% % .% %and%will%involve%synthesizing%knowledge% acquired%during%the%course.%You%will%be%provided%with%6%questions%on%the%last%day%of%class,%April% 11.%On%the%day%of%the%exam,%you%will%have%to%answer%2%short%answer%questions.%One%will%be% chosen%by%the%instructor,%and%one%will%be%your%choice.%Final%exam%is%worth%40%%of%the%final% grade.% % Group%discussion%project:%Students%will%be%randomly%assigned%to%small%groups%to%debate%current% theories%of%sleep%and%dreams.%Group%assignments%will%be%available%after%the%add-drop%deadline% for%the%semester.%Each%group%will%choose%a%discussion%question.%Students%will%be%asked%to% 2% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

discuss%the%question,%produce,%collectively,%an%answer,%select%a%speaker%and%present%their% answer%in%class.%Participation%in%the%group%project%will%be%worth%10%%of%the%final%grade.% % Readings:%There%is%no%required%textbook%for%this%class.%All%readings%will%be%available%on%the% course%website%or%via%links%to%ebooks%and%journal%articles%accessible%to%McGill%community.%% % Each%week%there%will%be%one-two%required%readings%(articles%or%book%chapters).%These%readings% will%prepare%you%for%the%course%material%and%will%be%tested%on%the%midterm%and%the%final%exam.% In%addition,%optional%readings%will%be%available%for%each%topic%covered%in%class.%These%will%not%be% tested%on%the%exams,%but%can%be%used%for%your%research%papers,%and%will%provide%further% material%and%context%to%complement%lectures%and%required%readings.%You%are%not%required%to% read%them,%but%you%are%encouraged%to%do%so%if%you%find%the%topic%interesting.% % Email%policy:%I%will%do%my%best%to%answer%your%emails%in%a%timely%manner%(within%2%weekdays),% but%due%to%the%high%volume%of%daily%emails,%I%ask%you%to%kindly%respect%the%following%general% guidelines:%% 1)%Make%sure%you%include%your%name;%% 2)%Check%the%syllabus%first,%if%the%information%you%need%is%in%the%syllabus,%your%email%will%likely%be% unanswered;%% 3)%Please%do%not%ask%specific%questions%about%course%material%in%an%email.%All%questions%about% the%material%will%be%answered%online%in%the%provided%forum%on%MyCourses,%or%in%person,%during% office%hours%or%by%appointment.%I%am%always%happy%to%talk%about%the%material%of%the%course,%but% it%can%be%very%time-consuming%to%compose%detailed%answers%to%your%questions%via%email.% 4)%Emails%received%during%the%weekend%of%after%5pm%may%only%be%seen%the%next%weekday%during% work%hours%(9am-5pm).%% 5)%I%especially%welcome%emails%to%schedule%a%meeting,%confirm%research%topic,%alert%me%to%sleeprelated%research,%and%to%discuss%any%ideas%about%sleep%and%other%topics%beyond%class%material.% % Lecture%slides%will%be%posted%in%pdf%form%on%MyCourses%after%class.%I%will%do%my%best%to%post% lecture%notes%as%soon%as%possible,%but%I%am%often%going%over%and%changing%my%slides%until%the% very%last%minute.%Thus,%I%cannot%guarantee%that%the%slides%will%be%available%before%class.%But%I%do% guarantee%that%they%will%be%posted%after%class.% % % % Evaluation%Schedule% % January%31,%2019% 25%% Midterm%1% February%28,%2019% 25%% Midterm%2% Final%Exam% To%be%scheduled% 40%% To%be%scheduled% 10%% Discussion%project% April%11% (25%,%replacing%a%missed% Optional%paper% midterm%or%a%midterm%with%a% lesser%grade)% 3% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

%

Course%calendar% % Date% Tuesday,)January)8' Introduction%% Thursday,)January)10' Tuesday,)January)15) Thursday,)January)17' Tuesday,)January)22) Thursday,)January)24) Tuesday,)January)29) Thursday,)January)31)) Tuesday,)February)5) Thursday,)February)7) Tuesday,)February)12) Thursday,)February)14)

Topics%

Methods%of%sleep%research.% Basics%of%human%sleep%architecture.% Neurobiology%of%sleep.% Sleep%and%circadian%rhythms.%Sleep-wake%regulation.%% Guest%lecture.%Dr.%Catherine%Duclos:%Sleep%and%traumatic%brain% injury:%circadian%regulation%and%cognitive%recovery.%% Review'session'for'Midterm'1.' Midterm%1% Sleep%patterns%from%infancy%to%aging.%% Functions%of%sleep%1:%Sleep%in%animals,%effects%of%sleep% deprivation.% Functions%of%sleep%2:%Cognitive%functions:%memory.% Functions%of%sleep%3.%Memory%and%emotion%regulation.%

Tuesday,)February)19) Guest%lecture:%Dr.%Philippe%Stenstrom:%Sleep%disorders:% Insomnia,%Restless%Legs%Syndrome.%Bruxism,%Sleep-disordered% breathing.% Thursday,)February)21) Introduction%to%sleep%mentation:%conscious%experiences%in% sleep.%Functions%of%dreams.% Tuesday,)February)26) Review'session'for'Midterm'2' Midterm%2% Thursday,)February)28) March)4-8) Reading%week% Tuesday,)March)12) Variety%of%dreaming.% Thursday,)March)14) Dreaming%disorders,%nightmares,%PTSD.% Tuesday,)March)19) REM%sleep%parasomnias:%REM%Sleep%Behaviour%Disorder.% Thursday,)March)21) REM%sleep%parasomnias:%narcolepsy,%sleep%paralysis.% Tuesday,)March)26) Guest%lecture:%Dr.%Simon%Warby:%Genetic%regulation%of%sleep.%% Thursday,)March)28) NREM%sleep%parasomnias:%sleepwalking,%night%terrors.% Tuesday,)April)2) Other%parasomnias.% Thursday,)April)4) Group%discussions%% Tuesday,)April)9) Group%discussions% Thursday,)April)11) Group'discussions/review'session'for'final) % %

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4% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

Detailed%schedule%of%lectures%and%readings.% % Overview:% January%8.%Introduction% % January%10.%Methods%of%Sleep%Research% % No'specific'reading'for'this'week,'but'it'is'recommended'to'start'reading'Carskadon'&'Dement' (2017)'for'next'week'because'it'is'a'key'chapter'for'this'course.% % January%15.%Basics%of%human%sleep%architecture% % January%17.%Neurobiology%of%sleep% % Required'reading:'' % ' % **Available%as%an%ebook%through%McGill%Library%catalog.% % January%22%Sleep%and%circadian%rhythms% % Required'reading:' ' % % %**Available%as%an%ebook%through%McGill%Library%catalog.% % Optional'readings:'' % Sack,%R.%L.,%Auckley,%D.,%Auger,%R.%R.,%Carskadon,%M.%A.,%Wright%Jr,%K.%P.,%Vitiello,%M.%V.,%&% Zhdanova,%I.%V.%(2007).%Circadian%rhythm%sleep%disorders:%part%I,%basic%principles,%shift%work%and% jet%lag%disorders.%Sleep,%30(11),%1460-1483.% % Sack,%R.%L.,%Auckley,%D.,%Auger,%R.%R.,%Carskadon,%M.%A.,%Wright%Jr,%K.%P.,%Vitiello,%M.%V.,%&% Zhdanova,%I.%V.%(2007).%Circadian%rhythm%sleep%disorders:%part%II,%advanced%sleep%phase%disorder,% delayed%sleep%phase%disorder,%free-running%disorder,%and%irregular%sleep-wake% rhythm.%Sleep,%30(11),%1484-1501.% % % January%24.%Guest%Lecture:%Dr.%Catherine%Duclos.%Sleep%and%traumatic%brain%injury:%circadian% regulation%and%cognitive%recovery%% % Required'reading:' ' 5% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova% % %

% % January%29.%Review%session%for%Midterm%1.% % January%31.%Midterm%1.% % February%5.%Sleep%patterns%from%infancy%to%aging% % Required'reading:' % % ' %You%will%not%be%tested% on%details%of%OSA%and%CHF.%However,%you%need%to%know%that%these%are%some%of%the%factors% that%influence%sleep%in%the%elderly.% % % % % % Optional'readings:% % Ohayon,%M.%M.,%Carskadon,%M.%A.,%Guilleminault,%C.,%&%Vitiello,%M.%V.%(2004).%Meta-analysis%of% quantitative%sleep%parameters%from%childhood%to%old%age%in%healthy%individuals:%developing% normative%sleep%values%across%the%human%lifespan.%Sleep,%27(7),%1255-1273.% % Scullin,%M.%K.,%&%Bliwise,%D.%L.%(2015).%Sleep,%cognition,%and%normal%aging:%integrating%a%half% century%of%multidisciplinary%research.%Perspectives'on'Psychological'Science,%10(1),%97-137.% % Yaffe,%K.,%Falvey,%C.%M.,%&%Hoang,%T.%(2014).%Connections%between%sleep%and%cognition%in%older% adults.%The'Lancet'Neurology,%13(10),%1017-1028.% % % February%7.%Functions%of%sleep%1.%Sleep%in%animals,%effects%of%sleep%deprivation.% % Required'reading:' % % % % Optional'reading:' 6% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

% Capellini,%I.,%Barton,%R.%A.,%McNamara,%P.,%Preston,%B.%T.,%&%Nunn,%C.%L.%(2008).%Phylogenetic% analysis%of%the%ecology%and%evolution%of%mammalian%sleep.%Evolution,%62(7),%1764-1776.% % Durmer,%J.%S.,%&%Dinges,%D.%F.%(2005,%March).%Neurocognitive%consequences%of%sleep%deprivation.% In%Seminars'in'neurology(Vol.%25,%No.%01,%pp.%117-129).%Copyright©%2005%by%Thieme%Medical% Publishers,%Inc.,%333%Seventh%Avenue,%New%York,%NY%10001,%USA..% % % February%12.%Functions%of%sleep%2.%Memory% % Required'reading:% % % % % Optional'readings:% % Diekelmann,%S.,%&%Born,%J.%(2010).%The%memory%function%of%sleep.%Nature'reviews.' Neuroscience,%11(2),%114.% % Walker,%M.%P.,%&%Stickgold,%R.%(2010).%Overnight%alchemy:%sleep-dependent%memory% evolution.%Nature'Reviews'Neuroscience,%11(3),%218-218.% % % February%14.%Functions%of%sleep%3.%Memory%and%emotion%regulation.% % Required'reading:% %% % Optional'readings:% % Gruber,%R.,%&%Cassoff,%J.%(2014).%The%interplay%between%sleep%and%emotion%regulation:% conceptual%framework%empirical%evidence%and%future%directions.%Current'psychiatry' reports,%16(11),%500.% % % February%19.%Guest%Lecture.%Dr.%Philippe%Stenstrom.%Sleep%disorders:%Insomnia,%Restless%Legs% Syndrome.%Bruxism,%Sleep-disordered%breathing.% % Required'reading:% % % %% 7% %

PSYC%444,%Winter%2019%

Course%Syllabus%

Elizaveta%Solomonova%

https://corpus.ulaval.ca/jspui/bitstream/20.500.11794/14462/1/Art_2013_Sleep_Med_Clinics_ Morin_Jarrin_Epidemiology_insomnia.pdf% % Optional'readings:% % Beebe,%D.%W.,%Groesz,%L.,%Wells,%C.,%Nichols,%A.,%&%McGee,%K.%(2003).%The%neuropsychological% effects%of%obstructive%sleep%apnea:%a%meta-analysis%of%norm-referenced%and%case-controlled% data.%Sleep,%26(3),%298-307.% % Chaudhuri,%K.%R.,%Appiah-Kubi,%L.%S.,%&%Trenkwalder,%C.%(2001).%Restless%legs%syndrome.% https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1737510/pdf/v071p00143.pdf% % Bader,%G.,%&%Lavigne,%G.%(2000).%Sleep%bruxism;%an%overview%of%an%oromandibular%sleep% movement%disorder.%Sleep'medicine'reviews,%4(1),%27-43.% % % February%21.%%Introduction%to%sleep%mentation:%conscious%experiences%in%sleep.%Functions%of% dreams.% % Required'reading:% % % % % Optional'readings:% % Fox,%K.%C.,%&%Girn,%M.%(2016).%Neural%correlates%of%self-generated%imagery%and%cognition% throughout%the%sleep%cycle.%arXiv'preprint'arXiv:1610.01704.% % Malinowski,%J.%E.,%&%Horton,%C.%L.%(2015).%Metaphor%and%hyperassociativity:%the%imagination% mechanisms%behind%emotion%assimilation%in%sleep%and%dreaming.%Frontiers'in'psychology,%6.% % Nielsen,%T.%A.,%&%Stenstrom,%P.%(2005).%What%are%the%memory%sources%of% dreaming?.%Nature,%437(7063),%1286.% % % February%26.%Midterm%2%review.%% % February%28.%Midterm%2.% % March%4-8.%Reading%week.% % March%12.%Variety%of%dreaming.% ' 8% %

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Elizaveta%Solomonova%

Required'reading:' % % % % Optional'readings:' % Nielsen,%T.%A.%(2010).%Dream%analysis%and%classification:%The%reality%simulation% perspective.%Principles'and'practice'of'sleep'medicine,%595-603.% % % March%14.%Dreaming%disorders.%Nightmares,%nightmare%distress,%and%the%post-traumatic%stress% disorder.% % Required'reading:% % ' % % % % % % % Optional'readings:% % Nappi,%C.%M.,%Drummond,%S.%P.,%&%Hall,%J.%M.%(2012).%Treating%nightmares%and%insomnia%in% posttraumatic%stress%disorder:%a%review%of%current%evidence.%Neuropharmacology,%62(2),%576585.% % Nielsen,%T.,%&%Levin,%R.%(2007).%Nightmares:%a%new%neurocognitive%model.%Sleep'medicine' reviews,%11(4),%295-310.% % Esposito,%K.,%Benitez,%A.,%Barza,%L.,%&%Mellman,%T.%(1999).%Evaluation%of%dream%content%in% combat-related%PTSD.%Journal'of'traumatic'stress,%12(4),%681-687.% % Ellis,%T.%E.,%Rufino,%K.%A.,%&%Nadorff,%M.%R.%(2017).%Treatment%of%Nightmares%in%Psychiatric% Inpatients%With%Imagery%Rehearsal%Therapy:%An%Open%Trial%and%Case%Series.%Behavioral'Sleep' Medicine,%1-14.% % % March%19.%REM%sleep%parasomnias:%REM%sleep%behaviour%disorder% % Required'reading:% 9% %

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Elizaveta%Solomonova%

% ' % % Optional'readings:% % Godin,%I.,%Montplaisir,%J.,%Gagnon,%J.%F.,%&%Nielsen,%T.%(2013).%Alexithymia%associated%with% nightmare%distress%in%idiopathic%REM%sleep%behavior%disorder.%Sleep,%36(12),%1957-1962.% % Postuma,%R.%B.,%Gagnon,%J.%F.,%Bertrand,%J.%A.,%Marchand,%D.%G.,%&%Montplaisir,%J.%Y.%(2015).% Parkinson%risk%in%idiopathic%REM%sleep%behavior%disorder%Preparing%for%neuroprotective% trials.%Neurology,%84(11),%1104-1113.% % Schenck,%C.%H.%(2015).%REM%sleep%behavior%disorder.%In%Sleep'Medicine%(pp.%391-405).%Springer% New%York.% % % March%21.%REM%sleep%parasomnias.%Narcolepsy.%Sleep%paralysis.% % Required'reading:% % % % % % Optional'readings:' Akintomide,%G.%S.,%&%Rickards,%H.%(2011).%Narcolepsy:%a%review.%Neuropsychiatric'disease'and' treatment,%7,%507.% % Wamsley,%E.,%Donjacour,%C.%E.,%Scammell,%T.%E.,%Lammers,%G.%J.,%&%Stickgold,%R.%(2014).%Delusional% confusion%of%dreaming%and%reality%in%narcolepsy.%Sleep,%37(2),%419-422.% % Cheyne,%J.%A.,%Rueffer,%S.%D.,%&%Newby-Clark,%I.%R.%(1999).%Hypnagogic%and%hypnopompic% hallucinations%during%sleep%paralysis:%neurological%and%cultural%construction%of%the%nightmare.%Consciousness'and'cognition,%8(3),%319-337.% % % March%26.%Guest%Lecture.%Dr.%Simon%Warby,%University%of%Montreal.%Genetic%regulation%of%sleep.% % Required'reading:'' ' % % 10% %

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Elizaveta%Solomonova%

% % % March%28.%NREM%sleep%parasomnias:%sleepwalking,%night%terrors.% % Required'reading:% % % % Optional'readings:% % Oudiette,%D.,%Leu,%S.,%Pottier,%M.,%Buzare,%M.%A.,%Brion,%A.,%&%Arnulf,%I.%(2009).%Dreamlike% mentations%during%sleepwalking%and%sleep%terrors%in%adults.%Sleep,%32(12),%1621-1627.% % Joncas,%S.,%Zadra,%A.,%Paquet,%J.,%&%Montplaisir,%J.%(2002).%The%value%of%sleep%deprivation%as%a% diagnostic%tool%in%adult%sleepwalkers.%Neurology,%58(6),%936-940.% % Petit,%D.,%Pennestri,%M.%H.,%Paquet,%J.,%Desautels,%A.,%Zadra,%A.,%Vitaro,%F.,%...%&%Montplaisir,%J.% (2015).%Childhood%sleepwalking%and%sleep%terrors:%a%longitudinal%study%of%prevalence%and% familial%aggregation.%JAMA'pediatrics,%169(7),%653-658.% % April%2.%Other%parasomnias,%lucid%dreams,%wrap-up.% % Required'reading:% % % ' % % April%4.%Group%Discussions% % April%9.%Group%Discussions% % April%11.%Group%discussions/%Review%for%final%exam.%Paper%due%on%MyCourses.% % % %

11% %

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% % % % % In%accord%with%McGill%University’s%Charter%of%Students’%Rights,%students%in%this%course%have%the% right%to%submit%in%English%or%in%French%any%written%work%that%is%to%be%graded./ Conformément%à% la%Charte%des%droits%de%l’étudiant%de%l’Université%McGill,%chaque%étudiant%a%le%droit%de%soumettre% en%français%ou%en%anglais%tout%travail%écrit%devant%être%noté% % McGill%University%values%academic%integrity.%Therefore,%all%students%must%understand%the% meaning%and%consequences%of%cheating,%plagiarism%and%other%academic%offences%under%the% Code%of%Student%Conduct%and%Disciplinary%Procedures”% (see%www.mcgill.ca/students/srr/honest/%for%more%information)%% % ©%Instructor-generated%course%materials%(e.g.,%handouts,%notes...