Psych 231 Chapteer 8 Assignment Questions PDF

Preview

Summary

Mandatory discussion board response/ assignment response. This response has sources to back up the information for full credit....

Description

Nia Gibson October.15.2018

Psychology 231 Professor Benjamin Chapter 8: Assignment Questions

Please read chapter 8 and answer each question completely using evidence from the text. 1. Discuss how sleep habits contribute to body growth in children and explain how disrupted sleep affects cognitive functioning. (pgs.292-94) Having a structured and well-developed sleeping habit for children is really important regarding their body growth. For instance, “Because GH is released during the child’s sleeping hours, sleep contributes to body growth”(pg.292). When a child has gotten enough rest in a timely fashion that helps them play, learn, and have a positive relationship within their household and whoever they interact with on a daily basis. When a child's sleeping habits are disruptive and challenging it has the habit of creating stress factors throughout the household. For example, “children who sleep poorly disturb their parents’ sleep, which can generate significant family stress—a major reason that sleep difficulties are among the most frequent concerns parents raise with their preschooler’s doctor”(pg.293). There are specific guidelines on how many hours a child should have of sleep depending on age. For instance, “on average, 2- and 3-year- olds sleep 11 to 12 hours, 4- to 6-year-olds 10 to 11 hours. But substantial variability exists, with lesser- or greater-than-average sleep remaining fairly stable over time”(pg.293). Studies show when a child does not get enough sleep it can potentially stunt their growth and even their growth hormone production can be disrupted with the lack of sleep a child gets. These difficulties can lead to a condition known as growth hormone deficiency. This does not only affect growth, but it can also cause negative eating habits. Studies also show that when a child has a habit of having disrupted sleep patterns, it can affect their cognitive functioning. In this case, “Many studies confirm that sleep difficulties are associated with impaired cognitive performance, including decreased attention, speed of thinking, working memory, and intelligence and achievement test scores, as well as with internalizing and externalizing problems. The impact of disrupted sleep on cognitive functioning and emotional adjustment is more pronounced for lowSES children”(pg.292-293). It is very important for children to get enough sleep because how they sleep creates a domino effect either good or bad. Children should have stability in their lives, and should not be able to choose their bedtime because their sleeping habits should be monitored and adjusted as they get older.

2. Describe strategies for preventing early otitis media. (pg.298) Otitis media is when there is an inflammation of the middle ear which is very common in children. For instance, “By age 3, 75 percent of U.S. children have had respiratory illnesses that resulted in at least one bout of otitis media”(pg.298). This is a very painful type of ear infection and is caused by plenty of reasons such as the common cold or allergies. Antibiotics have the ability to eliminate the bacteria that is responsible for the otitis media but it does not reduce the fluid buildup in the middle area. This

causes “mild to moderate hearing loss that can last for weeks or months”(pg.298). This is not just a regular ear infection, it can actually cause long-term effects in children of the ages 6 months- 3 years old. For example, “Frequent infections predict delayed language progress in early childhood and poorer academic performance, including reading deficits, after school entry”(pg.298). This can set a child back in so many ways because all of this is new to them and if they do not grasp the basics in a timely fashion it can create a domino effect of learning difficulties. There are some ways a parent can prevent early on otitis media that is mentioned in the book. 1. Frequent screening for the disease, followed by prompt medical intervention: There are plastic tubes that drain the narrow Eustachian tubes of the middle ear which is often used to treat chronic otitis media in children. This method has actually been disputed on but still considered effective in certain aspects. 2. Child-care settings that control infection: All children have a common habit of putting toys or objects they are playing within their mouth. Parents should take much needed time to make sure whatever their child is playing with is properly rinsed/cleaned with disinfectant constantly. There are some studies that show that pacifiers are “ linked to a greater risk of otitis media”(pg.298). Parents or caretakers should also have spacious and well-ventilated rooms for children to be in. Also having small groups of children rather than large ones can help limit the spread of otitis media. 3. Verbally stimulating adult-child interaction: Developmental issues that are associated with otitis media are often reduced or eliminated in “high-quality child-care centers”(pg.298). When a child's caregiver has the habit of being verbally stimulating and keep noise to a minimum they benefit from “ having more opportunities to hear and benefit from, a spoken language”(pg.298). 4. Vaccines: Many cases of otitis media are associated with the influenza infection. If parents make regular flu vaccinations, that would be a very helpful preventive measure....