Psychology Test 1 Chapter 1-3 Study Guide PDF

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Chapter 1 1. Suppose you want to draw some psychological conclusions in a way that is consistent with the scientific aspect of psychology. You should base your conclusions on Evidence collected according to the principles of scientific method. 2. The subject matter of psychology largely consists of Observable behavior of humans and other species of animals. 3. To investigate behavior, researchers may use different levels of analysis. Can you recognize the kinds of research questions exemplify the narrowest, most specific level of analysis? Which brain structure are associated with paranoid schizophrenia? 4. Treatments for mental illness, the ability of people to eliminate unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and initiate healthy behaviors such as exercise, and the development of position parenting practices are all consistent with which idea? Psychological knowledge can be used to help improve the quality of life. 5. The year is 1900 and you are looking for a job in a psychology laboratory, somewhere in North America. Assuming that each laboratory has an opening, about how many laboratories will you have from which to choose? 40 6. Titchener is to structuralism as Dewey is to Functionalism 7. This Viennese physician, using ideas originating in his work with mentally disturbed patients, developed the psychodynamic principles of motivation. Who is he? Sigmund Freud 8. The humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to The capacity for humans to make choices. 9. Psychologists who accept a biological explanation of behavior make certain assumptions. Which of the following would NOT be one of these assumptions? Experience cannot alter underlying biological structures and processes. 10. According to a psychologist, youngsters she is working within an alternative high school program have value systems that have developed under social conditions that foster selflimiting, aggressive tendencies instead of growth enhancement. It is likely the psychologist favors the ________ perspective. Humanistic

Chapter 2 1. Psychological theories should Generate new ideas and hypotheses 2. Imagine a situation in which a research is hired by a pharmaceutical company to test a new cancer drug. The researcher finds the drug to be effective, but other scientists’ cannot replicate the original findings. What is one possible explanation for the original results that should be considered?

Observer bias 3. A researcher theorizes that people are likely to perspire more when telling embarrassing stories than when telling funny stories. Volunteers are asked to record a memory of an embarrassing or a funny incident and their perspiration is measured. On some days, but not others, the lab where the recordings are done is very hot. Based on this information, the researcher should be concerned most about The presence of a confounding variable 4. One study described in your book examined the effects of ginkgo biloba as an answer to one’s memory problems. The study highlighted the importance of utilizing which one of the following controls? Placebo control 5. What are the characteristics of a within-subject design? Type of experimental design in which all participants are exposed to every treatment or condition 6. After you present your excuse for missing class, your instructor tells you that she has found that the more classes students miss, the lower their test grades tend to be. This relationship illustrates a(n) Negative Correlation 7. You are about to take your first test in an introductory psychology class. Much to your surprise, the instructor hands you a test that contains ten analytical geometry problems. You would probably be able to argue that the test is not Valid 8. Suppose you were interested in the kinds of movies your friends like to watch. You develop a simple questionnaire that asks them about their attitudes toward different film genres and then record which films they actually attend. This measurement technique is best described as a Combination of self-report and behavioral observations 9. Are researchers obligated to respect the basic rights of research participants? If so, how is this ensured? Yes, a special committees oversee every research proposal 10. To become a more sophisticated and critical thinker what should you do? Consider first how to disprove a theory before seeking confirming evidence

Chapter 3 1. Who wrote the book The Origin of Species? Charles Darwin 2. While surfing the Web, you stop at an anthropology website. There, you learn that natural selection favored two major adaptations in the evolution of the human species. What are they? Bipedalism and Encephalization 3. At one end of the neuron are swollen, bulblike structures called _____, which make it possible for the neuron to stimulate nearby glands, muscles, or other neurons.

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Terminal Buttons What characterizes the absolute refractory period? The time neurons must rest and not send another impulse. A research participant is given a dose of the drug naloxone and then his arm is placed in a bucket of ice water, which is normally quite a painful experience. What is the likely result? The participant will undergo a painful experience Which technique uses special radio receivers to detect information from resonating atoms in order to assess brain activity? MRI Taking a short cut through the park late one night, you caught a glimpse of movement in the shadows. Automatically, your ___ mobilizes your body into action and your ___ tells the muscles in your legs to run. Sympathetic Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System What are the major structures that make up the limbic system? Amygdala, Hippocampus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Basal Ganglia, and Cingulate Gyrus How would you accurately describe what is going on in the brain when you are engaged in an everyday activity?

10. The endocrine glands produce hormones that regulate various bodily functions. Which gland-function pair is mismatched? Parathyroid, Glucose Metabolism...