Punished Chapter 1 PDF

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Chapter 1 notes for the book Punished ...

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Punished Chapter 1 Dreams Deferred 

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Slick - 14-year-old Latino born and raised in Oakland - Showed author “hotspots for crime” a. Street intersections and sidewalks where events happen that shape young people’s perspectives of the area - Both are detained after getting burritos by police because they didn’t know who the author was - This was the common interaction between young people and police in the area Paradox of Control - Police seemed to sympathize with the poverty and trauma of the young people - However, still had to uphold the laws and maintain order, led to extreme punitive measures - Involved other adults such as: a. School personnel b. Community workers c. Family members - Often led to the use of the process of criminalization through viewing them as criminals in social relations worldviews, and creative responses Ubiquitous Criminalization - School would push away boys who had victimized such as Slick - Victimized boys were seen as plotting to commit violence as revenge - Commonly accused of being truant as an excuse to expel them

Policing the Crisis    

Author used book to find the similarities between different ethnic groups affected by economic crises Moral panics were a result of economic and cultural crisis and would often have a scapegoat such as the young boys Where the author found his research questions for his research he would conduct in the neighborhood Shadowing Marginalized Youth - Author observed and interviewed young men that were affected by the criminal justice policies and practices that deemed them as delinquents - Shadowed them at a variety of times as they were doing their everyday activities such as: a. Walking the streets b. Hanging out c. Participating in community programs

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Interviewed boys as they were going through court to find out the patterns of their punishments - Focused research on the voices of the youths instead of authority figures - Project is to show the consequences of social control on the lives of young people - Combined methods of critical criminology with urban ethnography - One difficulty was that participants moved during the study Recruitment - Began recruiting at youth leadership organization and through community workers in the inner city of Oakland - Used snowball sampling to uncover the population of young men surround by or involved in crime - Deliberately sought after delinquent young people for the study - Observations were initially carried out in three Oakland neighborhoods Observing Masculinity - This study was focused on young men because females would most likely require a different methodological approach - Young women faced different kinds of crimes such as: a. Domestic abuse b. Criminal justice abuse c. Sexual abuse d. Different forms of violence O.G. Sociology - Author is from the same area of where the research was conducted - Participants of the study often referred to him as O.G. Vic for his knowledge of the neighborhood, but he argued against this because this could cause deception - Did this to not go rogue such as Sudhir Venkatesh - Acknowledges that his insider status limited his observations because he was used to the conditions of Oakland unlike an outsider who would not - Explains that his bias is very much in this study due to past events in the area he grew up in Youth Demographics - 30 out of the 40 participants that were studied had been previously arrested while the other ten lived in high crime rate neighborhoods - They all have had some sort of contact with police officers growing up, some had been in juvenile facilities for at least a week, had a probation officer, and/or involved in a local gang - Majority of the young men came from a working poor single parent home - Study was over African Americans that took the brunt of the punishment and Latinos - Found that African American youths encountered the worst criminalization in Oakland Consequences

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Most authoritative figures were seen as being too adversarial and excessive in their punishments that led to juveniles to develop their own beliefs and practices to survive on the street - “Good” kids didn’t break the law and would do better in school but experienced the same punishments as “bad” kids - Researcher believed that his small study would show how it most likely is in other places in the United States - Often can see media, political, and community figures blame personal troubles on black criminality, racial tensions, and white supremacy Book Overview - Overviews the lives of boys growing up in Oakland and the punishment they will mostly face throughout their adolescent years that will most likely continue into their adulthood - Fieldwork shows how the state asserts itself into civil society and using various institutions to try to regulate deviant behavior and maintain social order - Discuss the failures of criminalization and the failures of harsh punishments to try to manage marginalized youth...