Q2 Diass week 3 module 3( Discipline of Communication, The professionals and practitioners in the discipline of communication) PDF

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LYCEUM OF THE EAST-AURORA LYCEUM OF THE EAST -AUR Brgy. Florida, Maria Aurora, Aurora

DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

Ideas in QUARTER 2 - MODULE 3

THE DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION

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LYCEUM OF THE EAST-AURORA 3202 BRGY. FLORIDA, MARIA AURORA, AURORA S.Y. 2020-2021

QUARTER 2 MODULE 3 THE POFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN THE DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION Learning Competencies 1. Show understanding of the roles and functions of communicators and journalists (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ij-32) 2. Identify specific work areas in which communicators and journalists work (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ij-33) 3. Identify career opportunities for communicators and journalists (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ij-34) 4. Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ij-35) 5. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ij-36) At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to : 1. Define the roles, functions, and competencies of communicators and journals 2. define areas of specialization in which communicators and journalists work; 3. describe career opportunities of communicators and Journalist; 4. explain the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of communicators and journalists; and 5. discuss the code of ethics of communicators and journalists

ELICIT How would you describe the professionals and practiotioners in the discipline of communication?

ENGAGE Use the space below to create a mind map of possible careers and opportunities in the field of communication

EXPLORE The discipline of communication is populated by a wide variety of professionals who are in communication practice. They are creative artists, writers, editors, journalists, Bloggers, educators, social advocates, businessmen and businesswomen, preachers, scientists, politicians, and news announcers and anchors. These professionals are bind together by a desire and dive to send and receive messages and make an impact on their audience. Because communication is the most natural thing for humans, these professionals specialize to serve the general public and the publics of their choices. They operate with a wide variety of mediums and media.

Defining the Roles, Functions, and Competencies of Communicators and Journalists The foremost important role of communicators and journalists is to make available information and evidence to inform the public about issues that matter to them in the most neutral way possible. They provide facts for the public to form judgment and decisions. In some cases, they facilitate accurate processing and analysis of such facts in a professional and ethical way. In this way, their functions follow naturally: to collect and document information, facts and opinions, and present them for public analysis and deepening to the root of reality. To communicate is to deliver truth and facts. Professional communicators and journalists are at the service of truth. They gather news, facts, and information that are critical to public life and well-being. The functions include being present where the news is happening and having the ability to record what is happening accurately with available technology. The competencies of communicators and journalists are along their delivery of roles and functions. They need to have listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Listening and reading are data- and information-gathering skills necessary for accurate writing and speaking. But writing and speaking skills are necessary for communication as tools. Poor writing and speaking skills can distort the message regardless of the good intentions of the communicator.

Areas of Specialization of Communicators and Journalists Communicators and journalists can work in a number of areas of specialization: speech writing and taking minutes of a meeting: advertising, marketing, and sales; communication education; electronic media, radiotelevision, and broadcasting; public relations; journalism; theater, performing arts, and dramatic arts; public communication and opinion management; and international relations management and negotiations. The specialization can be in copy writing, production directing; professional blogging, communication education, language arts coordination, forensic and debate coaching, drama directing, film and tape librarian, news editing, news directing, news writing, news anchoring, transmitter engineering, and technical directing. As journalists, they can also specialize in field reporting, news editing, news casting, author, copywriting, script writing, publishing, news service research, technical writing, acquisition editing, and interviewing

Career Opportunities for Communicators and Journalists The field of communication is wide and almost every aspect of business and human organization has communication specialists or roles. Companies have to relate with customers, clients, and other stakeholders. The same is true tor government and public individuals because the need to be heard, to be understood, to be followed, and to convince others require communication. Professionals pursuing careers in communication have many options. Alberts, Nakayama, and Martin (2007) present some as follows: speech writers, press secretary, public information officer, public affairs specialist, communication assistant, meetings secretary, customer service representative, marketing assistant or officer, advertising, sales assistant and account executive, research associate, and operations manager. Broadly, other opportunities include careers in advertising; careers in communication education; careers in electronic media, radio-television, and broadcasting; careers in public relations; careers in journalism; careers in theater, performing arts, and dramatic arts; careers in communication in government and politics-related; and careers in international relations and negotiations.

Advertising and marketing specialists can work as copy writer, account executive, sales manager, media planner, media buyer, creative director, media sales representatives, and can also function as public opinion researchers and pollsters (such as in Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia). They can find their niche in professional blogging for fashion and lifestyle, products and services marketing, and communication. Some bloggers focus on paid work or freelancing news and current affairs reporting. Communication educators can work as college or university professors, and may also serve as speech communication department chairpersons, language arts coordinators, elementary and high school speech teachers, forensic and debate Coaches, or drama directors. Broadcasting careers can include opportunities to work as broadcasting station manager, director of broadcasting, film and tape librarian, community relations director, unit manager, film editor, news editor, news director, news writer, news anchor, transmitter engineer, and technical director. Other opportunities include advertising sales coordinator, traffic and continuity specialist, market researcher, actor/actress, disc jockey, public relations manager, comedy writer casting director, floor manager, talk show host, account executive, media buyer, and many more. In journalism, one can work as a reporter, editor, newscaster, author copy writer, script writer, publisher, news service researcher, technical writer, acquisition editor, and interview In public relations, one can work as publicity manager, advertising manager, marketing specialist, press agent, lobbyist, corporate public affairs specialist, account executives, development officer, fund-raiser, membership recruiter, sales manager, media analyst, media planner, creative director, audience analyst, news writer, and public opinion researcher. In theater and performing arts, graduates can work as performing artists, script writer, producer, director, arts administrator, performing arts educator, costume designer, theater critic, makeup artist, stage manager, art and prop curator, stage manager, model, theater professor, and casting director. In communication in government and politics-related, communication graduates can work as public information officer, speech writer, legislative assistant, campaign director, research specialist, program coordinator, negotiator, lobbyist, press secretary, and elected officer. In international relations and negotiations, communication graduates can serve as on-air international broadcasting talent, corporate representative, translator, student tour coordinator, diplomat, foreign relations officer, host/ hostess for foreign dignitaries, and foreign correspondent.

Rights, Responsibilities, and Accountabilities of Communicators and Journalists In modern times, the media have exerted enormous power and assumed a powerful position unprecedented in human history to serve as valuable means for the articulation on a large scale of popular aspirations and problems, of entertainment and pleasure, of advertising and economic information, of shared strengths as well as weaknesses. In this sense, the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities have to be established to safeguard the integrity of media and protection of the general public in the form of accountability. In the name of freedom of expression, abuses happen and certain aspects remain largely unaccountable. Accountability is a necessity for communicators and journalists. It is also part of the responsibility of communicators and journalists to ensure that citizens are able to originate content and contribute to media content, and not just remain passive consumers of media output. There are respective codes of conduct and official laws and rules that regulate these media. However, these parameters do not always work for the citizens. Communicators and journalists have rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities to exercise and live by and which must provide guarantees against censorship and protection of freedom of expression, safeguarding the confidentiality of journalistic sources, and ensuring that information held by the government can be timely and easily accessed by the public. There are also general media laws and regulatory

frameworks at both national and international level to comply with. There are regulatory bodies featuring existing press councils and relevant professional networks, and different types of media ombudsmen. It is a responsibility of communicators and journalists to ensure that citizens have convenient access to all media which is subject to just and fair law and universally recognized principles of human rights. In 2005, the Global Campaign for Free Expression by the International Federation of Journalists recognized that developing self-regulatory mechanisms across the communication and journalism sector can help ensure a more comprehensive approach to developing and upholding media ethics. It can help to deliver genuine accountability to the public and to protect the principle and practice of freedom of expression. But this is not easy; it is complex and challenging. Codes of ethics provide a way forward in the guaranteeing rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities. Journalism and It’s Functions A good journalist will collect facts, research and investigate the subject matter based on a unique style, and formulate language that tells a story. This story will grab the reader to such extent that both the unique style as well as the story are remembered and recommended. In this day and age, however, gone are the days when a paper landed on your doorstep bringing you the main source of news you looked forward to reading with your morning coffee.

Photocredits: https://pixabay.com/images/search/journalism/

Journalism refers to the gathering, reporting, and disseminating of news through mass media. It is the system which arose to provide for society’s need for news and it arises from the citizens’ right to have access to the fact and opinion about matters of public interest, which are of importance to the welfare, rights and duties as citizens. Reference: The Padayon Series DIASS

Photocredit: https://pixabay.com/images/search/journalism/

Functions of Journalism are to Inform, Educate, Guide and Entertain. The press performs a very important role as means of mass communication in the modern

world. The press tries to inform its reader objectively about what is happening in their community, country and the world at large.

Photocredit: https://pixabay.com/images/search/journalism/ Function No. 1 Information The idea of informing an organization is to give data and information so that employees can effectively complete their job. Information make sures that an employee is aware of the rules and procedures of an organization. It also removes job doubt for workers when they are fully informed. Function No. 2 Increasing Public Awareness Our public understanding work takes a variety of forms: press conferences, round tables, articles written for exchanging of publications, and interviews with the press. A good journalist who is wellconnected will gather up facts, information and research and write on subjects to increase understanding amongst readers of all groups. A good journalist will develop personal style so it even becomes recognizable with a group of people who read a particular newspaper or magazine. Function No. 3 Interpreting the Facts "It is giving the reading public accurate information as fully as the importance of any story dictates." William Turner Catledge, editor, The New York Times" Function No. 4 Encouraging Decisions, Influencing Change & Shaping Public Opinion The media has a very big impact in shaping the public opinion of the masses. They can form or change some part of the public opinion in different ways depending on what is the objective. ... The candidates that can pay for more TV and media exposure have more power to change the public opinion and thus can receive more votes. Whether it’s print media or an on-line source, buyers are influenced very much so by advertising, alone, e.g., hair styles, currently fashionable/seasonal wardrobes, and many, many other products such as pet food. People do believe what they see in print, so language is a good tool of causing people to believe, marketability or control, whatever term you often use. Function No. 5 Entertainment Journalism Is any form of journalism main interest on the entertainment business and its products. Like fashion journalism, entertainment journalism covers industry-specific news while aiming general audiences beyond those working in the industry itself. Entertainment journalism, however, has been growing very fast, maybe because of the fact that we live in a loud noise culture society that is purely entertained by media coverage of favorite actors, singers, etc., which is not trying to go out on a part to redefine news or good quality reporting. Perhaps the silver lining is the fact a reporter has the opportunity to meet a lot of celebrities. RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES Rights that flow from the constitutional guarantee of freedom of the press: 1. The right to free access to all sources of information 2. The right to investigate stories that are of interest to the pubic 3. The right to protect the identity and confidentiality of one’s sources 4. The right to publish stories without fear of punishment

At the same time, the journalist is expected to adhere to certain principles of professional conduct by American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1923:  Truthfulness of information  Clarity of information  Defense of the public’s rights  Responsibilities in forming public opinion  Standards of gathering and presenting information  Respecting the integrity and presenting information  Respecting the integrity of sources  Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, and other characteristics  Respect for privacy  Prohibition of bribes and other benefits  The need to respect universal values and the diversity of cultures  The need to promote human rights CAREER AND OPPORTUNITIES Journalism & Mass Communication. Journalists work in all sorts of media and industries. You'll find them practicing strategic communication as they work in:  advertising,  public relations,  marketing,  and in areas such as health care, politics, gaming, and entertainment. There are varied career opportunities in communications and journalism, including public relations specialist, news anchor, reporter, author and radio broadcaster. Work environments in communications and journalism can include offices, broadcasting studios and home offices. REMEMBER Journalism is a way of collecting, analyzing, proving, and presenting news regarding current events, trends, issues and people. Journalism is sometimes described as the "first version of history," because journalists often record important events, creating news articles on short deadlines. Important terms

1. Code is a set of laws ore regulations; a set of ideas or rules about how to behave in accordance with the norms in the society. (Meriam Dictionary) 2. Freedom of expression and information- a right given by the constitution and defined by the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights as stated below: a. Article 15: The right to form, hold receive and impart opinions. b. Article 16: Free and equal access to information inside and outside state borders. c. Article 19: The freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information through any media. BACKGROUND CHECK JOURNALISM Journalists as practitioners are expected to follow certain principles of professional conduct. The first set of these principles were published by the American Society of Newspapers Editors in 1923. The Philippines as one of the many counties in the world has also adopted these principles and by which serve as their code of conduct as mass

media practitioners. Among these are:           

Truthfulness of Information Clarity of Information Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity,religion, and other characteristics Respect for privacy Prohibition of bribes and other benefits Standards of gathering and presenting information Respecting the integrity of sources Defense of the public rights Responsibilities in forming public opinion The need to respect universal values and the diversity of cultures The need to promote human rights, peace, social progress and democracy

Moreover, the Code of Ethics which were drawn by the Society of Professional Journalists defined these principles as standards for professional and ethical journalism practice as follows:  Seek truth and report it. Journalists should at always adhere to the accuracy and honesty of the information. Be courageous to gather information, interpret it correctly and report what has been gathered, analyzed and interpreted.  Minimize harm. Ethical journalists should treat the information, the subject and other people they are having service with as human beings with dignity that has to be respected.  Act Independently. Journalists should be free of obligation to any interests other than the right of the public to know.  Be accountable. Journalists are accountable to whatever they have reported in print or nonprint materials. They are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and to each other including to the organization they belong. ADVERTISEMENT The advertising industry makes also efforts to establish their own ethical standards. In our country, the Advertising Board of the Philippines, the chief regulating board for all the largest advertising associations which includes the Association of Accredited Advertising Agencies has sought to craft code of ethics including the implementing procedures to provide standards about advertisements should not do. Among these are the following:  Undermine the public’s regard for government, law, and duly constituted authority.  Exploit or tend to promote physical,verbal, or psychological violence or the use of deadly weapons.  Disparage, ridicule or attack any natural person o...