Qualitative Research for Senior High School Students PDF

Preview

Summary

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH) SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D. Master Teacher II Esperanza NHS, Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat, Region XII, Philippines Email Address: [email protected] YOUTUBE Channel: SAMSUDIN NOH ABDULLAH COURSE OUTLINE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)...

Description

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH) SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D. Master Teacher II Esperanza NHS, Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat, Region XII, Philippines Email Address: [email protected] YOUTUBE Channel: SAMSUDIN NOH ABDULLAH

COURSE OUTLINE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH) PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

I. NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH - What is Inquiry? - Investigation and Immersion - What is Research? - Purposes of Research - Importance of Research in Daily Life - Characteristics of Research - The Seven Steps in the Research Process - Research Ethics - Intellectual Property - Kinds of Research across Fields PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

II. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN DAILY LIFE - What is Qualitative Research? - Nature of Qualitative Research - Purpose of Qualitative Research - How Qualitative Research Came into Existence - Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research - Characteristics of Qualitative Research - Strengths of Qualitative Research - Weaknesses of Qualitative Research - When to Use Qualitative Research - Importance of Qualitative Research in Daily Life PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

III. TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - Ethnography - Grounded Theory - Phenomenology - Case Study - Discourse Analysis - Historical Research - Biography - Narrative Report - Action Research PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

IV. QUALITATIVE DATA GATHERING METHODS - Interview - Key Informant Interview (KII) - Focus Group Discussion (FGD) - Participant Observation - Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) - Document Analysis (Review of Records) - Tape/Video Recorder - Content Analysis PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

V. CONSTRUCTING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TITLES, BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS -

What is a Research Title? What is a Research Question? Tips on Constructing Research Questions What is a Background of the Study? Tips on Doing a Background of the Study Examples of Research Titles, Background of the Study and Research Objectives Parts of Senior High School Qualitative Research Paper PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

I. NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH - What is Inquiry? - Investigation and Immersion - What is Research? - Purposes of Research - Importance of Research in Daily Life - Characteristics of Research - The Seven Steps in the Research Process - Research Ethics - Intellectual Property - Kinds of Research across Fields PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

What is Inquiry? INQUIRY is an act of asking questions. It is a process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt or solving problem. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is synonymous with the word “investigation”. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Investigation and Immersion INVESTIGATION has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”. It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon. IMMERSION is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or examined by him in detail. Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept of “research” comes in. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

What is Research?

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

What is Research?

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Purposes of Research

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Importance of Research in Daily Life - Research gives us a light or direction to inquire about the right information. - Research develops our attitudes to not believe automatically without further investigation of the real situation. - Research sharpens our mind to give a judicious vision to look. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Importance of Research in Daily Life - Research leads us to the ultimate philosophy of life and it builds a graphic vision to improve the community where we live. - Research empowers us with knowledge and efficient learning of new things. - Research helps us in understanding various issues of life and in giving solutions to our problems. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Importance of Research in Daily Life - Research allows us to mark out the thin line between truth (fact) and lie (fallacy). - Research opens vistas news (new-age digital media platforms) of opportunity before we pick and choose. - Research makes good habits of reading, analyzing, thinking and learning. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Importance of Research in Daily Life - Research is a tool for building knowledge and for facilitating learning. - Research is a means to understand various issues and to increase public awareness. - Research is an aid to business awareness. - Research is a way to prove lies and support truths. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Importance of Research in Daily Life - Research is a means to find, gauge, and seize opportunities. - Research is a seed of sharing valuable information. - Research is the heart and soul of good writing. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Note: All of the essay questions throughout the semester should be answered in paragraph forms. This will let you to prepare for your Research Paper. Writing a Research Paper is done in comprehensive paragraph forms with proper citation and referencing. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Answer the following in paragraph forms. 1. What is research? Discuss it comprehensively. 2. Discuss the purposes of research. Why is there a need to conduct a research? 3. How important is research in your daily life activities? 4. Why is research considered to be the heart and soul of good writing? Elaborate. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Characteristics of Research

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

The Seven Steps of the Research Process

Step 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem).

Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related Literature). PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

The Seven Steps of the Research Process Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology). Step 4. Gather necessary data using openended questions (for qualitative research) and closed-ended questionnaire or paperpencil test questionnaire (for quantitative research) (Data Gathering Activities). PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

The Seven Steps of the Research Process Step 5. Process and analyze data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research) and statistical tools (for quantitative research). Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) or conclusions (for quantitative research) and recommendations. Step 7. Define new problem. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research. In addition, it educates and monitors researchers to ensure a high ethical standard. It promotes the aim of research, such as expanding knowledge. It supports the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics INFORMED CONSENT. In order to safeguard the

rights of the participants in your study, secure informed consent. Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of one-on-one interview at the convenient time they are available. Participation to the study will be completely voluntary. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics HONESTY. Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data. OBJECTIVITY. Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics INTEGRITY. Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. CAREFULNESS. Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics OPENNESS. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. RESPECT FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. Honor patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and falsify. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics CONFIDENTIALITY. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. RESPONSIBLE MENTORING. Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. RESPECT FOR COLLEAGUES. Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly. Don’t outsmart others. Respect their opinions. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. NON-DISCRIMINATION. Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics COMPETENCE. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. LEGALITY. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Ethics ANIMAL CARE. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION. When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Social Responsibility SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY is an ethical framework or a duty that every researcher has to perform so as to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education and advocacy. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Human Rights HUMAN RIGHTS are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Intellectual Property Intellectual Property refers to the protection of creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value. It is the umbrella term encompassing both copyright and industrial property such as trademarks, patents and trade secrets. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Voluntary Participation The principle of voluntary participation requires that people must not be coerced into participating in research process. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Anonymity Anonymity refers to the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given nor known. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Privacy Privacy refers to someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret. It is the ability of an individual to seclude himself from disturbance of any research activity. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Research Misconduct Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution to receive grants. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Types of Intellectual Property 1. PATENT is a form of intellectual property that gives the owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, selling and importing an invention for a limited period of years. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Types Patents There are three common types of PATENTS: utility patents, design patents and plant patents. Utility patents protect the utility or function of a product. Design patents protect the aesthetic appearance of the product. Plant patents protect the discovery or invention of plants that are asexually reproduced. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Types of Intellectual Property 2. COPYRIGHT is an exclusive legal right given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Copyrightable Works Copyrightable works include the following categories: (1) literary works, (2) musical works, (3) dramatic works, (4) choreographic works, (5) pictorial, graphic and sculptural (PGS) works, (6) audio-visual works, (7) sound recordings and (8) architectural works. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Types of Intellectual Property 3. TRADEMARK is a recognizable name, insignia, phrase, word, or symbol that denotes a specific product and legally differentiates it from all other products of its kind. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Types of Trademarks Types of trademarks for products include five main categories: (1) generic trademark, (2) descriptive trademark, (3) suggestive trademark, (4) fanciful trademark, and (5) arbitrary trademark. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Generic Trademarks Generic trademarks include phrases/taglines like “We find ways” of BDO, “Making things possible” of Globe, “Bida and Saya” of Jollibee, and “Astig Tayo Dito” of TM. They are the weakest forms of trademarks. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Descriptive Marks Descriptive Trademarks immediately identify the characteristics of the products or services to which the marks pertain. Marks that are merely descriptive are not protected or accorded trademark rights. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Examples of Descriptive Trademarks/Marks

Descriptive trademarks include “McDonald’s”, “Wendy’s”, and “Ayala Malls”. Descriptive marks include “Tubeless” for computer monitor, “Holiday Inn” for hotels and “Cold and Creamy” for ice cream. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Suggestive Trademarks Suggestive Trademarks are usually suggestions of the quality or nature of the products or services, but don’t straightforwardly describe themselves because they require the consumers to use their imagination or perception to understand what the product is. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Examples of Suggestive Trademarks

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Fanciful Trademarks Fanciful trademarks are terms, names or logos that are different from anything else that exists. They are the strongest type of trademarks. They include Kodak, Adidas, Merrell, Caltex, Pepsi, Petron, etc. These words are not found in the dictionary and had no meaning before they were adopted and used as trademarks. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Arbitrary Trademarks Arbitrary trademarks might include a term or phrase with a well-known meaning, but the meaning in its case is different. The best example an arbitrary trademark is Apple. Other examples are Shell Gas Station and Camel cigarettes. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Types of Intellectual Property 4. TRADE SECRET is type of intellectual property in the form of a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, commercial method, or compilation of information that is not generally known or reasonably ascertainable by others, and by which a person or company can obtain an economic advantage over competitors. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Copyright Infringement Copyright Infringement is the use or production of copyright-protected material without permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

SAMSUDIN N. ABDULLAH, Ph.D.

Examples of Copyrig...