Quiz 1 Review PDF

Preview

Summary

Organization of the Human Body and Cells and Tissues Review for Quiz #1...

Description

ANAT 100 TUTORIAL 1 1. 9 Abdominal Regions Right Hypochondriac Right Lumbar Right Inguinal 4 Abdominal Quadrants Right Upper Quadrant Right Lower Quadrant

Epigastric Region Umbilical Region Hypogastric Region

Left Hypochondriac Left Lumbar Left Inguinal

Left Upper Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant

2. The carpal is proximal to the digits, while it is distal to the brachial. The otic is lateral while the nasal is medial to the midline. The epidermis is superficial while the dermis is deep. The thoracic cavity is anterior to the dorsal cavity while the dorsal is posterior to the thoracic. The cervical is superior to the clavicle but inferior to the cephalic. The right brachial is ipsilateral to the right femoral while the left brachial is contralateral to both. 3. Cranial Cavity: the brain Thoracic Cavity: lungs, heart, part of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, esophagus Dorsal Cavity: the brain, spinal cord Ventral Cavity: heart, lungs, stomach, intestines Abdominal Cavity: stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, adrenal glands Pelvic Cavity: urinary bladder Abdominopelvic Cavity: stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, adrenal glands, urinary bladder Spinal Cavity: spinal cord *Small Intestines include the Duodenum, Jejunum and the Ileum. Large Intestines include the Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon and the Appendix. 4. Transport Processes a. Active is involved and requires ATP (energy) while Passive is letting things go, it just happens, and no energy is required. b. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower one. c. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a cell membrane from a high to low concentration area. d. Filtration is when small particles are separated from larger ones by passing through a filtering membrane. e. Exocytosis is the expulsion of intracellular material while Endocytosis is when intracellular material is engulfed by plasma membrane.

ANAT 100 TUTORIAL 1

5. The four primary tissues are Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous. Epithelial tissue is in charge of covering and lining tissues. As for function, it protects, synthesizes, absorbs and secretes. Mitosis occurs most rapidly in this tissue. As for Connective tissue, it binds other tissues together. The rate of mitosis varies based on the tissue (adult vs. child). Contains matrix which is an extra cellular material like woven tissue. Muscle tissue shortens to produce movement. There are three types: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Doesn’t undergo mitosis. Nervous tissue conducts impulses. Is found only in the nervous system which includes neurons and glia. Doesn’t undergo mitosis. 6. Epithelial tissue is classified by shape, ciliation and the number of layers of cells. The three shapes it can take form are squamous, columnar and cuboidal. Ciliation is when tissue either cilia on top of it or not. As for the last one, there are three types: simple which is one cell thick, stratified which is more than one layer but only the deepest layer is attached to the basement membrane and lastly, pseudostratified which looks stratified, but all the cells are attached to the basement membrane. 7. Connective tissue is classified by the five different types. There is Loose Connective Tissue which is more ground substance than cells or fibers. It has 3 types: Areolar, Adipose and Reticular. Dense Connective Tissue is densely packed fibers that forms tendons and ligaments. There is Regular, Irregular and Elastic. Cartilage is when cells are surrounded by variable matrix. This includes Hyaline, Fibro and Elastic. (Specialized) Bone is hard matrix that contains calcium protects and supports. (Specialized) Lastly, Blood is liquid matrix that focuses on transportation and includes Platelets, RBC, WBC and Intercellular matrix. (Specialized) 8. Skeletal Muscle is striated cells that moves body parts and has voluntary control. Found on your skeleton and fatigues quickly. Cardiac Muscle is branched striated cells that are interconnected by intercalated discs. Found in the heart and happens involuntarily. Smooth Muscle is spindle-shaped cells that forms walls of hollow organs (like blood vessels) and is involuntary.

ANAT 100 TUTORIAL 1 9. Mucous Membranes lines open cavities like the skin of your cheek or the inside of your mouth. Serous Membranes lines closed cavities like the digestive system. It has two layers: outer parietal layers (lines closed cavities) and inner visceral layers which cover the outer surface of some organs. 10. The two main layers of the skin are the Epidermis (epithelial tissue) and the Dermis (connective tissue). The sublayers include hypodermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and sensory receptors....