Quiz 1 September Fall 2014, questions and answers PDF

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CHEM2341 – Oil, Gas and Coal Chemistry Quiz 1

NAME: ANSWER KEY

Oct. 7, 2014 Closed book

True or False. Write T (for true) or F (for false) in the space to the left of each statement. (1 mark each) T

1. Petroleum formation is thought to have occurred under largely anaerobic conditions.

F

2. Sour crude oil contains more than 5% sulfur in elemental form.

F

3. Alkenes are usually present in crude oil.

F

4. Primary recovery is the recovery obtained by injecting primarily chlorinated solvents into the formation.

F

5. A crude oil with an API gravity of 8 is a light crude oil.

F

6. Porosity and permeability are synonymous (mean the same thing).

F

7. A formation with a permeability of 1 Darcy (1000 mD) has an extremely low permeability.

F

8. A barrel (bbl) is approximately equal to 1 m3.

F

9. Well logging is the word used to describe the daily production rate of an oil well.

T

10. The optimum temperature for petroleum formation (in the Earth) is thought to be 80°C.

F

11. Petroleum is usually found in the same formation as the one it was formed in.

T

12. Petroleum is commonly thought to have formed through the decomposition of lipids.

T

13. The Wichert-Aziz adjustment factor is a function of the CO2 and H2S in the gas mixture.

T

14. Alberta oil sands are water-wet.

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Multiple Choice. Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (1 mark

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each) C

1. Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the biological origin of oil? (One answer only) A. the fact that it has a H/C ratio of less than 2.0 B. the fact that it often contains water and salt when produced C. the fact that it is often optically active (rotates the plane of polarized light) D. the fact that it is found underground E. the fact that it is not soluble in water F. the fact that it often has a light brown to dark color

D

2. Which of the following represents an application of compositional analysis of a reservoir sample? A. Establish how much gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, heavy oil, bitumen will come from refining a barrel of crude, which determines the crude’s market value B. Determine how and where the crude oil will be refined. C. Detect corrosive compounds that require special non-corrosive producing and transportation equipment. D. All of the above E. None of the above

A

3. The most commonly accepted theory of petroleum formation is: A. organic biogenic B. organic abiogenic C. inorganic biogenic D. inorganic abiogenic

A

4. Petroleum would most likely be found in which rock? A. limestone B. quartzite C. basalt D. salt E. magma

C

5. The diagram to the right represents a(n) A. syncline trap B. salt dome C. anticline trap D. fault trap

D

6. The diagram to the right represents a(n) A. oil reservoir B. retrograde gas reservoir C. wet gas reservoir D. dry gas reservoir

Short Answer. Complete the following statements. (1 mark per blank space)

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Conventional natural gas is primarily methane found in reservoirs that do not need extensive treatment for gas to flow to the surface. Water has an API gravity of 10 °API The fraction of crude oils that are insoluble in light alkanes is called asphaltenes In the oil industry, cycloalkanes are called naphthenes Pipelines are typically operated in the turbulent flow regime. List the 3 components that are needed for an oil trap or reservoir. porous and permeable path to source rock, porosity to hold the oil and non-permeable barrier to prevent oil from moving to another location. List 3 properties of reservoir fluids than change with pressure and temperature. Composition, compressibility, density and viscosity. What is the main analytical technique used in compositional analysis of reservoir fluids? gas chromatography

Problems. 1. A refinery stream has an API gravity of 37.1°API. Calculate its specific gravity. Assume that all relevant

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temperatures are 15°C. Show all your calculations.

°𝐴𝑃𝐼 =

141.5 − 131.5 𝑆. 𝐺. (15℃⁄ 15 ℃)

𝑆. 𝐺. (15℃⁄ 15 ℃) = 𝑆. 𝐺. (15℃⁄ 15℃) =

141.5 °𝐴𝑃𝐼 + 131.5

141.5 = 0.8393 37.1 + 131.5

2. What is the non-ideal volume (in m3) of the gas mixture below using the compressibility factor, Z, method if

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5875 kg of the gas mixture is at 47.0°C and 5440 kPa? Gas data: mol fraction

MM (g/mol)

Tc (K)

Pc (kPa)

y·MM (g/mol)

y·Tc (K)

y·Pc (kPa)

CH4

0.500

16.042

190.56

4599

8.021

95.28

2299.5

C2H6

0.250

30.069

305.41

4880

7.51725

76.3525

1220

C3H8

0.175

44.096

369.77

4240

7.7168

64.70975

742

i-C4H10

0.075

58.122

407.82

3640

4.35915

30.5865

273

MMa = 27.614 g/mol

Tpc = 266.93 K

Ppc = 4534 kPa

𝑇𝑝𝑟 =

320.15 𝐾 𝑇 = = 1.199 𝑇𝑝𝑐 266.93 𝐾

𝑃𝑝𝑟 =

𝑃 5440 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = = 1.200 𝑃𝑝𝑐 4534 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑍 = 0.75

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑍𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑉=

𝑉=

(0.75) (5875 𝑘𝑔 ×

𝑍𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑃

103 𝑔 𝐿 ∙ 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) (8.31447 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾) (320.15 𝐾) 1 𝑚3 1 𝑘𝑔 × 27.614 𝑔 × 3 = 78 𝑚3 10 𝐿 5440 𝑘𝑃𝑎...