Quiz 3 Study Guide - Forearm, wrist, hand muscles PDF

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Forearm, wrist, hand muscles ...

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SHOULDER & GLENOHUMERAL JOINT What type of joint is the shoulder and glenohumeral joint?  Multi-axial ball and socket joint  Flexible joint  Permits more range  Synovial joint  Most flexible/movable in the body  Less stable/sacrifices flexibility for stability What are the bones that are involved with the shoulder and glenohumeral joint?  Humerus & scapula What are the specific articulating surfaces?  Humeral head (shoulder)  Glenoid cavity (scapula) What are the ligaments?  Fibrous capsule  Synovial membrane  Gleno-humeral ligament  Glenoid labrum  Coraco-humeral ligament  Transverse humeral ligament What allows anterior joint stability?  Gleno-humeral ligament  Function: reinforce anterior aspect of the capsule What allows posterior joint stability?  Coraco-humeral ligament  Function: reinforce superior aspect of the capsule & prevent dislocation superiorly What allows superior joint stability?  Rotator cuff muscles (SITS) and tendons, glenoid fossa, tendon of biceps brachii, coraco-acromial arch  Function: keeps head of humerus in socket (glenoid fossa) What does the glenoid labrum do?  Superior joint stability  Function: deepens the fossa and prevents movement of head of humerus What are the bursae in relation to the joint?  Subscapular bursa  Infraspinatus bursa  Synovial sheath of long tendon of biceps brachii What are the blood supplies?  Suprascapular artery  Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries  Subscapular artery What are the innervations?  Suprascapular nerve  Axillary nerve  Musculocutaneous nerve What are the movements of this joint?  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, IR, ER What are some clinical conditions in relation to this joint?  Frozen shoulder  Rotator cuff tear  Subacromial bursitis  Popeye deformity  Paralysis of trapezius muscle  Painful Arc Syndrome/Impingement Syndrome  Shoulder dislocation

MUSCLES OF UPPER ARM What muscles are located in the anterior compartment?  Deltoid o Origin: 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula o Insertion: deltoid tuberosity o Action: abducts, flexes, extends, IR, ER o Blood supply: thoracoacromial artery o Innervation: axillary nerve  Biceps brachii o Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, apex of coracoid process of scapula o Insertion: radial tuberosity o Action: flexes forearm, supinates forearm o Blood supply: brachial artery o Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve  Brachialis o Origin: anterior aspect of distal half of humerus o Insertion: coronoid process, tuberosity of ulna o Action: flexes forearm o Blood supply: brachial artery o Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve  Coracobrachialis o Origin: coracoid process of scapula o Insertion: humerus o Action: adducts, flexes arm o Blood supply: brachial artery o Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve What muscles are located in the posterior compartment?  Triceps brachii o Origin: posterior surface of humerus, infraglenoid tubercle of scapula o Insertion: olecranon process of ulna, adjacent antebrachial fossa o Action: extends forearm o Blood supply: deep brachial artery o Innervation: radial nerve  Anconeus o Origin: posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus o Insertion: olecranon; proximal end of body of ulna o Action: extends forearm o Blood supply: recurrent interosseous artery o Innervation: radial nerve MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM, WRIST, HAND What forearm muscles are located in the posterior compartment?  Brachioradialis o Origin: supracondylar ride of humerus o Insertion: radius o Action: flexes forearm o Blood supply: radial recurrent artery; radial collateral artery; radial artery o Innervation: radial nerve  Extensor carpi radialis longus o Origin: supracondylar ridge of humerus o Insertion: 2nd metacarpal bone

o Action: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand at wrist and midcarpal joints o Blood supply: radial recurrent artery, radial collateral artery, radial artery o Innervation: radial nerve  Extensor carpi radialis brevis o Origin: lateral epicondyle o Insertion: 3rd metacarpal bone o Action: extends hand at wrist, abducts hand at wrist and midcarpal joints o Blood supply: radial recurrent artery, radial artery o Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve, posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve What forearm flexor muscles are located in the anterior compartment?  Pronator teres o Origin: medial supracondylar ride of humerus o Insertion: middle 1/3 of anterolateral aspect of radius o Action: pronates forearm o Blood supply: ulnar recurrent artery, inferior ulnar collateral artery, common interosseous artery, ulnar artery, radial artery o Innervation: median nerve  Flexor carpi radialis o Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus o Insertion: metacarpal bone 2-3 o Action: wrist flexion, wrist abduction o Blood supply: ulnar artery, radial artery o Innervation: median nerve  Flexor carpi ulnaris o Origin: medial epicondyle, olecranon, posterior border of ulna o Insertion: pisiform bone, hamate bone, metacarpal bone 5 o Action: wrist flexion, wrist adduction o Blood supply: posterior ulnar recurrent artery, ulnar artery o Innervation: ulnar nerve  Palmaris longus o Origin: medial epicondyle o Insertion: flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis o Action: wrist flexion, tenses palmar aponeurosis o Blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent artery, median artery o Innervation: median nerve  Flexor superficialis o Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna, radius o Insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5 o Action: finger flexion o Blood supply: ulnar artery, radial artery, median artery o Innervation: median nerve What forearm extensor muscles are located in the posterior compartment?  Extensor digiti minimi o Origin: lateral epicondyle o Insertion: extensor expansion of digit 5 o Action: finger extension o Blood supply: radial recurrent artery, anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery o Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve  Extensor carpi ulnaris o Origin: lateral epicondyle, posterior border of ulna o Insertion: base of metacarpal bone 5 o Action: hand extension and adduction o Blood supply: radial recurrent artery, posterior interosseous artery

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o Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve Extensor indicis o Origin: ulna o Insertion: extensor expansion of index finger o Action: weak hand extension, finger extension o Blood supply: posterior and anterior interosseous artery o Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve...