Quiz Chapter 6 - Lecture notes PDF

Preview

Summary

Lecture notes...

Description

Due Date: Thursday, Oct 20

QUIZ CHAPTER 6: THE OTHER LIVING PRIMATES MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The dental pattern of Old World higher primates is: a. 2-1-2-3. b. 2-1-3-3. c. 2-2-2-3. d. 2-2-3-3. 2. Living lemurs are found only in: a. Asia. b. Africa. c. South America. d. Madagascar. 3. Which of the following are prosimians? a. baboons b. gibbons c. lemurs d. tamarins 4. The two suborders of primates are: a. platyrrhine and catarrhine. b. prosimians and anthropoids. c. pongidae and hominidae. d. tarsiers and anthropoids. 5. While at the zoo you see an exhibit with a small group of primates and notice they have wet, snout-like noses. This indicates: a. a species of prosimian, because they retain the rhinarium not found in other mammal species. b. a species of anthropoid primate, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species. c. a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward. d. A species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates. 6. Primates’ enhanced sense of vision stems from: a. the fact that their eyes are rotated forward. b. their tendency toward nocturnality. c. their color vision. d. both a. and c. 7. Primate females: a. invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals. b. give birth to more offspring than do most other mammals. c. give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals. d. give birth to twins regularly.

8. Anthropoids include: a. monkeys, apes, and humans. b. African and Asian apes. c. tarsiers, monkeys, and apes. d. lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers. 9. Relative to other primates, prosimian adaptations include: a. an enlarged olfactory bulb and enlarged scent glands. b. a larger brain. c. a reduced number of teeth. d. smaller eye orbits. 10. Prehensile tails: a. are present in catarrhine primates. b. are present in most primates. c. are present only in some platyrrhines. d. are made strictly of muscle. 11. Colobine primates: a. are mostly frugivorous. b. are usually terrestrial. c. have specialized digestive anatomy for eating leaves. d. are referred to as “cheek pouch” monkeys. 12. The suborder prosimians includes: a. New World and Old World monkeys. b. lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers. c. great apes and lesser apes. d. lemurs, lorises, and galagos. 13. Arboreal adaptation is: a. adaptation to life in the trees. b. the ability to brachiate. c. adaptation to life in the savannah. d. the ability to move on four limbs. 14. In your primate anatomy lab you are shown the mandible (lower jawbone) of a species of primate. While looking at the teeth you notice a large space between the canine and first premolar. In your lab book you note: a. that this is likely the lower jaw of a human, due to the potential presence of a caninepremolar honing complex. b. that this may be a species of Old World monkey or ape, as the space in the teeth of the mandible suggests the presence of a canine-premolar honing complex. c. that this is likely the lower jaw of a human, given the presence of a nonhoning chewing complex. d. that this may be a species of Old World monkey or ape, as the space in the teeth suggests the presence of a nonhoning chewing complex.

15. While observing primates at the zoo, you notice that the particular monkey you are watching uses its hands, feet, and tail to move throughout the trees in its enclosure. This is most likely: a. an Old World monkey, because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet. b. a lesser ape, because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet. c. a New World monkey, because these are the only monkeys that live in trees. d. a New World monkey, because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet.

16. A a. b. c. d.

skull with a foramen magnum positioned at the back belongs to: an individual that is fully bipedal, such as a human. an individual that is fully quadrupedal, such as a dog. an individual that is fully quadrupedal, such as a human. none of the above (this trait is observed only in prosimians)

17. The typical catarrhine dental formula is: a. 1 / 1 / 2 / 3. b. 2 / 1 / 3 / 3. c. 2 / 1 / 2 / 3. d. 3 / 1 / 2 / 3. 18. The rhinarium is present in: a. baboons. b. gorillas. c. ring-tail lemurs. d. howler monkeys. 19. The Y-5 molar morphology is present in: a. colobus monkeys. b. chimpanzees. c. lemurs. d. howler monkeys. 20. Relative to body size, primate brain size: a. is proportional to human brain size. b. is more or less the same in large and small primates. c. is smaller than in other large mammals. d. is larger among great apes than among other primates. 21. The increased brain size observed in the order Primates: a. results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity. b. results in shorter developmental periods to accommodate the necessary energy expenditures of larger brain size. c. demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution. d. both a. and c.

22. Dietary plasticity in primates refers to: a. eating a wide variety of foods. b. diversity of diets over time. c. diets composed of a variety of red meats. d. diets composed of a variety of fruits. 23. African monkeys, including Miss Waldron’s red colobus, are: a. among the most endangered animals due to human exploitation of resources. b. a healthy population living in a subtropical environment. c. not highly adaptable to changing environments but do well in zoos. d. among the most endangered animal species due to disease. 24. A a. b. c. d.

feature unique to human teeth and human ancestors’ teeth is: the presence of a canine-premolar honing complex. a canine that shows no wear on any surface. the Y-5 cusp pattern. a canine that shows wear on the tip.

25. Which of the following were identified by Sir William le Gros Clark as tendencies of primates? a. the presence of a rhinarium and an opposable thumb b. increased mobility, arboreal adaptation, and brachiation c. arboreal adaptation, parental investment, and the presence of dietary plasticity d. the presence of a rhinarium, forward-facing eyes, and increased parental care 26. Preadaptation is: a. the series of small adaptations that precedes the more observable adaptation. b. the use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature’s original function. c. the use of an anatomical feature in the way it was originally intended. d. a phenomenon that occurs before natural selection can occur. 27. Primates have long growth and development periods because: a. they take longer to develop to sexual maturity. b. on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates. c. they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals. d. the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates. 28. Among all primates, humans have: a. the largest body relative to other animals. b. the greatest level of biological adaptability. c. the largest body size. d. the largest brain relative to body size. 29. The cladistic approach to primate classification is: a. based on the use of anatomical and genetic evidence to establish ancestral lines. b. based on personal observation of phenotypes only.

c. also called the gradistic method of classification. d. based on levels of anatomical complexity, without consideration of ancestordescendent relationships.

30. The cladistic primate classification includes: a. anthropods and haplorhines. b. hominoids and chordata. c. strepsirhines and haplorhines. d. pongidae and omomyidae. 31. Phylogeny refers to: a. evolutionary relationships that are based on shared characteristics including physical traits, genetics, and behavior. b. the fundamental anatomical features in primates that reflect their high degree of diversity. c. primates’ ability to get around in trees using an unusually wide range of motions involving the limbs and trunk. d. a set of behaviors and anatomical characteristics that is unique to mammals adapted to life in the trees. 32. Strepsirhines have: a. a wet nose, a snout, downward-facing nostrils, and longer hind limbs than forelimbs. b. a snout, downward-facing nostrils, and longer forelimbs than hind limbs. c. a wet nose, a snout, a tooth comb, and a grooming claw. d. a tooth comb, a grooming claw, and ischial callosities. 33. Brachiation refers to a. using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb. b. quadrupedal locomotion including the use of a tail. c. clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment. d. bipedality in nonhumans. 34. Catarrhines’ nostrils are: a. far apart and face sideways. b. close together and face downward. c. large due to their heightened sense of smell. d. wide and include a large nasal sinus. Long Answer: 1. Discuss the primate parental investment in terms of success in natural selection. What are the most important aspects of primate parenting and what is their value to socialization?

2. What are the dental formulae for humans and apes, Old World Monkeys, and New World Monkeys? What can they tell you about how long ago groups diverged? Humans and apes

_____________________

Old World Monkeys

_____________________

New World Monkeys

_____________________

3.

What sorts of tool use were observed in The New Chimpanzees video? Name at least three.

4.

Which are the only fully bipedal primates? _____________________________

5. What sorts of anatomical differences are observed between apes and monkeys?

6. apes?

What sorts of anatomical differences are observed between humans and other...