Quiz9 - Quiz for psychology of learning and memory. Many of these questions either showed PDF

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Quiz for psychology of learning and memory. Many of these questions either showed up on the exam or were very similar to questions on exam. This has questions and answers along with an explanation for each question. ...

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Question 1 1 out of 1 points

A rat is placed for the first time into one side of a two-sided “shuttle-box.” Both sides of the shuttle-box are dimly lit.A warning signal (light) located on the wall in the side the rat is currently sitting warns the animal of impendingshock. The shock comes on as soon as the light turns off. When the shock comes on, the rat responds by moving tothe other side of the shuttle box to escape the shock. However, another warning light comes on in the side of theshuttle-box the rat is in now. The rat must move to the other side of the shuttle-box before the light turns off inorder to avoid the shock. This procedure is known as _____. Selected Answer: Answers:

active avoidance learning passive avoidance learning active avoidance learning active escape learning learned helplessness

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Question 2 1 out of 1 points

Human depression seems to involve _____.

Selected Answer:

learned helplessness

Answers:

flashbulb memories conditioned avoidance

conditioned emotional responses learned helplessness

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Question 3 1 out of 1 points

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning, animals learn to make the avoidance response _____.

Selected Answer: Answers:

in order to escape from the warning signal and the fear response it produces because removing the shock is negatively reinforcing because avoiding the shock is rewarding in order to escape from the warning signal and the fear response it produces in order to prevent learned helplessness

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Question 4 1 out of 1 points

The link between learned helplessness and depression is confirmed by the finding that _____. Selected Answer:

Answers:

treating rats with an antidepressant drug prior to the learned helplessness experience can prevent the development of learned helplessness behavior depression makes it harder to learn new information people that are exposed to painful stimuli reliably develop depression treating rats with an antidepressant drug prior to the learned helplessness experience can prevent the development of learned helplessness behavior dogs sometimes suffer from depression

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Question 5 1 out of 1 points

In response to stimuli that predict the delivery of painful shaock, rats demonstrate “hypo-activity” or “freezing”behavior. This is an example of _____. Selected Answer: Answers:

a conditioned emotional response (CER) tolerance withdrawal a conditioned emotional response (CER) standard operating procedure (SOP)

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Question 6 1 out of 1 points

What do passive and active avoidance have in common? Selected Answer:

They both involve negative reinforcement.

Answers:

They both involve positive punishment. They both involve negative reinforcement. The learning principles involved only apply to rats and mice (and not humans). They both produce symptoms of learned helplessness.

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Question 7 1 out of 1 points

Conditioned emotional (fear) responses in humans and non-human animals are _____. Selected Answer:

all of the above

Answers:

resistant to extinction long-lasting quickly acquired and easily reinstated following extinction training all of the above

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Question 8 1 out of 1 points

What is the phenomenon in which exposure to an uncontrollable punisher reduces the chance that an organism will try to make an avoidance response? Selected Answer: Answers:

learned helplessness conditioned emotional response

learned helplessness

conditioned avoidance

perseveration Response Feedback:

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Question 9 1 out of 1 points

According to cognitive expectancy theories of avoidance, animals make a decision based on _____. Selected Answer: Answers:

a comparison of expected outcomes of making the avoidance response or not making the avoidance response how strong the conditioned fear is a comparison of expected outcomes of making the avoidance response or not making the avoidance response whether the CS was successfully avoided on the previous trial how strong the US is

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Question 10 1 out of 1 points

Hannah successfully solved several problems in her math class. She was then given some very difficult problems that she could not solve. The research on learned helplessness suggests that if Hannah is then given some easier problems to try to solve, she will _____.

Selected Answer: Answers:

try to solve the problems ask the teacher for help before trying to solve the problems try to solve the problems avoid looking at the problems altogether

look at the problems but not bother to try solving them

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Question 11 1 out of 1 points

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by _____. Selected Answer: Answers:

exposing people to adversities that they can overcome preventing people from experiencing even minor challenges exposing people to adversities that they can overcome encouraging people to smile even when they feel sad

encouraging people to think about the good things in their lives

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Question 12 1 out of 1 points

Although Cooper tried to learn to play chess, other players easily beat him. Now Cooper refuses to try playing chess again. This is an example of _____.

Selected Answer:

learned helplessness

Answers:

a conditioned emotional response learned helplessness

mood-congruency of memory

perseveration

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Question 13 1 out of 1 points

Whi c hoft hef ol l owi ngi sanex ampl eofc ondi t i onedemot i onal r es pons e ? Selected Answer:

A girl's heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie.

Answers:

A girl's heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie. A boy is startled by a sudden loud noise outside his window on a stormy night.

A woman screams when she nearly steps on a snake during a mountain hike. A child smiles on hearing a funny joke. Response Feedback:

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Question 14 1 out of 1 points

In _____ learning, an organism learns to take action to prevent a dangerous event from occurring. Selected Answer:

conditioned avoidance

Answers:

learned helplessness conditioned avoidance conditioned emotional responses conditioned fear

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Question 15 1 out of 1 points

A rat is placed for the first time in lighted area of a two-sided “shuttle-box” with one side of the box in bright light and the other side covered and dark. Because rats prefer darkness to bright light, the rat moves to dark area of the shuttle-box where it receives painful foot shock. The rat then escapes the shock by returning to the lighted area of the box. What happens next? Selected Answer:

The rat avoids returning to dark area of the box even though it

naturally prefers the dark to bright light. Answers:

The rat avoids returning to dark area of the box even though it naturally prefers the dark to bright light. The rat freezes in response to the shock and remains in the dark area of the shuttle-box. The rat shows “learned helplessness” because no matter what response it makes it cannot avoid the shock. The rat becomes more likely to enter the dark side of the shuttle-box in the future....