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ACADEMIC INTEGRITY PLEDGEWe swear on our honor that our group did all the content related to the design report.We have prepared for the writing of the design manuscript,structural modeling in Staad software,have drawn the details in the Autocad software or any equivalent drawing software for the det...

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ACADEMIC INTEGRITY PLEDGE We swear on our honor that our group did all the content related to the design report.

We have prepared for the writing of the design manuscript, structural modeling in Staad software, have drawn the details in the Autocad software or any equivalent drawing software for the detailing of the final design, prepared for the Spreadsheet files for the repetitive calculations for beams, columns, slabs, and other reinforced concrete elements, and have conducted meetings to manage the progress of the design and ultimately finish the major project in the Reinforced Concrete Design Course.

We understand that deliberately copying the design project from other sources and/or plagiarism is a major offense,

as stated in TIP Memorandum No. P-04. s. 2017-2018, and that we will be sanctioned appropriately once we have committed such acts.

Alain Jowel D. Abad

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES 938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIING AND ARCHITECTURE Civil Engineering Department CE 502 Reinforced Concrete Design

DESIGN OF A FIVE STORY COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN BRGY. COMMONWEALTH, QUEZON CITY, METRO MANILA

Submitted by: Abad, Alain Jowel

Submitted to: Engr. Allan B. Benogsudan Instructor December 11, 2021

APPROVAL SHEET The design project entitled “DESIGN OF A FIVE STORY COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN BRGY. COMMONWEALTH, QUEZON CITY, METRO MANILA” prepared by Abad, Alain Jowel of the Civil Engineering Department

Engr. Allan B. Benogsudan Adviser

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Project This proposed design project is a 5 – Story Commercial building that is rentable commercial building allotted for public and private offices use. The proposed project at Brgy. Commonwealth Quezon City, which known to be close at one of the major roads in Metro Manila and is designated as part of Radial Road 7 (R7) of the older Manila arterial road system and N170 of the Department of Public Works and Highways national highway system. The proposed commercial five-story has a floor area 600 sq.m. per floor) for a total of 3,081.25 sq. m. and a height of 15.7 m (not including roof deck structures). It has two (2) service stairs, and two (2) elevators for easier access, particularly in an emergency. The elevator is built with a maximum capacity of 1000kg in mind.

Hundreds of people who are interested in any business services that are normally required for job seekers would be accommodated by the proposed initiative. The project's objective is to fulfill local residents' demands for available services. The project's structural members are composed of stiff concrete and were planned and conceived in compliance with contemporary requirements. Commonwealth Avenue aka. Abenida Komonwelt, formerly known as Don Mariano Marcos Avenue aka. Abenida Don Mariano Marcos, named after the father of President Ferdinand Marcos, is a 12.4kilometer (7.7 mi) highway located in Quezon City, Philippines, which spans from six to eighteen lanes and is the widest in the Philippines. It is one of the major roads in Metro Manila and is designated as part of Radial Road 7 (R-7) of the older Manila arterial road system and National Route 170 (N170) of the Philippine highway network. Commonwealth Avenue starts from the Quezon Memorial Circle inside the Elliptical Road, and it passes through the areas of Philcoa, Tandang Sora, Balara, Batasan Hills and ends at Quirino Highway in the Novaliches area. The avenue, being located on Quezon City, which is listed as one of several cities in Metro Manila with high incidence of road accidents, has a high rate of accidents, especially related to over speeding, and has gained the nickname Killer Highway. A 60-kilometer-per-hour (37 mph) speed limit is being enforced to reduce the high rate of accidents on the avenue.

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FIGURE 1 - 1 Quezon City Source: Google 1.2 Project Location The project is located at Brgy. Commonwealth Quezon City along Commonwealth Ave. just beside Wilcon Builder’s Depot

FIGURE 1 - 2 Project Site Location Source: Google Maps 2

1.3 Project Objectives 1.3.1 General Objectives The overall goal of the project is to construct a five-story commercial building utilizing reinforced concrete that would benefit both the client and the investors, in compliance with the National Structural and Building Code of the Philippines (NSCP & NBCP). 1.3.2 Specific Objectives     

To use reinforced concrete to construct a fivestory commercial structure in compliance with the National Structural and Building Code of the Philippines (NSCP & NBCP). To handle all potential constraints in the project's construction and come up with all conceivable trade-offs, all in compliance with the Philippine National Structural Code (NSCP). To provide precise plans that address the designer's constraints. To provide a comprehensive estimate for the project. To provide a decent time table for a reasonable duration of the project.

1.4 The Client The client Jaime Augusto Miranda Zóbel de Ayala II, a Filipino businessman from the prominent Zóbel de Ayala family, currently serves as the chairman and chief executive officer of Ayala Corporation. The chairman wants to have a new commercial building that will expand their role in the industry. This project is to private commercial spaces for office works. 1.5 Project Scope and Limitations The design project shall provide and cover the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Detailed Structural and Architectural Plans that will satisfy the client’s demands, in accordance to the National Structural Code and National Building Code of the Philippines. Structural Analysis by using STAAD Pro (Software Application) Comprehensive cost estimate for the structural elements of the building only. Manual computation of structural analysis of the building will be performed with the aid of MS Excel.

The project is limited and bounded by the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Foundation Plan and its Cost Estimate. Plumbing, Sanitation, Mechanical and Electrical Plans including its Cost Estimate. Architectural Designs and its Cost Estimate. Land Development, Project Construction Management and activities that will be implemented in the construction of the project. Comprehensive Time Table for the duration of the construction of the project. The design project also excludes detailed construction activities and labor costs.

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1.6 Project Development The project is a Five-Story Multi-purpose commercial building in Commonwealth Quezon City is designed in order to ease of mind for the investors as its goal is to provide safe commercial building to provide profit for client and investors. The following steps will be in systematic approach and these are: 1. Identifying the problem Identifying the existing problem that the designers intend to address to share opinions and formulate solutions to the resulting problems. 2. Conceptualizing It includes the formulation of all the ideas to come up with a design that will meet the demand of the client in accordance with the standards governing the structure. 3. Planning In which the ideas formulated in conceptualization is then applied and drawn in the architectural plans, which will serve as the basis of the structural elements of the building. 4. Data Gathering The designers gather data on the said topic and a review of related concepts takes place to begin the project with its problems and possible solutions. 5. Design Standards All the architectural and structural plans are then designed to meet the standards of the National Building Code and National Structural Code of the Philippines. 6. Design Constraints The designers identify and select constraints that affect the design of the structures. 7. Design Trade-offs The designers evaluate options used for the project and approach best meets the goal of the project. 8. Final Design Trade-offs are then evaluated and whichever gives the most economical results is then chosen for the final design.

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START IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM

CONCEPTUALIZING

PLANNING

DATA GATHERING

DESIGN STANDARDS

DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

DESIGN TRADEOFFS

FINAL DESIGN

END

FIGURE 1 - 3 General Project Development Phases 5

CHAPTER II: DESIGN INPUTS AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 Location Data 2.1.1 Location Site

FIGURE 2 - 1 Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila Source: Google Maps 2.1.2 Vicinity Map

FIGURE 2 - 2 Vicinity Map Source: Google Maps 6

2.1.3 Demographic and Socio-Economic Data 2.1.3.1 Population of Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila Commonwealth is situated at approximately 14.7040, 121.0889, in the island of Luzon. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 74.9 meters or 245.7 feet above mean sea level. Commonwealth is a barangay in Quezon City. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 198,285. This represented 6.75% of the total population of Quezon City. Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the the young dependent population which include infants/babies, children and young adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 29.29% (58,070). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the economically active population and actual or potential members of the work force, constitute a total of 67.74% (134,317). Finally, old dependent population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 2.97% (5,898) in all. The computed Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the population of Commonwealth, there are 43 youth dependents to every 100 of the working age population; there are 4 aged/senior citizens to every 100 of the working population; and overall, there are 48 dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working population.

FIGURE 2 - 3 Commonwealth Projected Population 7

source: www.philatlas.com

FIGURE 2 - 4 Population in Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila by Age/Group source: www.philatlas.com 2.1.4 Topography The figure below shows the topographic map of Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila is situated at approximately 29,958,050 km2. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 84 meters above mean sea level.

FIGURE 2 - 5 Topographic Map of Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila

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Source: https://en-ph.topographic-map.com/maps/ogac/Commonwealth/ 2.2 Hazard Maps 2.2.1 Earthquake – Induced Landslide Hazard Map The figure below shows the earthquake-induced landslide hazard map of Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila is located near the coastline of Laguna bay and is not susceptible to earthquake-induced landslide.

FIGURE 2 - 6 Earthquake – Induced Landslide Hazard Map of Quezon City, Metro Manila

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Source: DOST – PHIVOLCS (https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-relatedhazard-gis-information) 2.2.2 Ground Rupture Hazard Map The figures below show the ground rupture hazard map of Quezon City, Metro Manila and the distance of Quezon City, Metro Manila to the nearest active fault line. Brgy. Commonwealth is located 2.3 kilometer away from the West Valley Fault.

FIGURE 2 - 7 Ground Rupture Hazard Map of Quezon City, Metro Manila

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Source: DOST – PHIVOLCS (https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-relatedhazard-gis-information)

FIGURE 2 - 8 Distance of Brgy Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila to the nearest fault line Source: DOST – PHIVOLCS (http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/)

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2.2.3 Ground Shaking Hazard Map The figure below shows the ground shaking hazard map of Quezon City, Metro Manila has a PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) of intensity VII and above.

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FIGURE 2 - 9 Ground Shaking Hazard Map of Quezon City, Metro Manila Source: DOST – PHIVOLCS (https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-relatedhazard-gis-information) 2.2.4 Liquefaction Hazard Map The figure below shows the liquefaction hazard map of Quezon City, Metro Manila which has a low liquefaction potential.

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FIGURE 2 - 10 Liquefaction Hazard Map of Quezon City, Metro Manila Source: DOST – PHIVOLCS (https://gisweb.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/gisweb/earthquake-volcano-relatedhazard-gis-information) 2.3 Wind Hazard Map The figure below shows the basic wind speed of the Philippines from NSCP 2015. The basic wind speed in Commonwealth, Quezon City, Metro Manila is 260 kph.

Common wealth

FIGURE 2 - 11 Basic Wind Speed Map of the Philippines Source: NSCP 2015 14

2.4 Description of the Structure The Commercial Building is a five-story building with a roof deck, with 30.0 meters in length, 20.0 meters in width, and 16.7 meters in height. The building has a floor to ceiling height of 3.2 meters from ground floor to 2nd floor and 2.5 meters from 2nd floor to Roof deck the building has a total of 30 units compose of office room, food booth, library, copy room, and conference room and an open office area and dining area. The design of the commercial building in all units is mix of units with a floor area of 600 square meter. It has a common toilet. The compound has open parking lot. TABLE 2 - 1 Description and Location of Rooms for Each Building

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2.5 Building Plans 2.5.1 Site Development Plan

FIGURE 2 - 12 Project Location Source: Google Maps

2.5.2 Perspective View

FIGURE 2 - 13 Perspective View of Proposed Building 16

2.5.3 Floor Plans 2.5.3.1 Ground Floor Plan

FIGURE 2 - 14 Ground Floor Plan

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2.5.3.2 Second Floor Plan

FIGURE 2 - 15 Second Floor Plan

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2.5.3.3 Third Floor Plan

FIGURE 2 - 16 Third Floor Plan

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2.5.3.4 Fourth Floor Plan

FIGURE 2 - 17 Fourth Floor Plan

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2.5.3.5 Fifth Floor Plan

FIGURE 2 - 18 Fifth Floor Plan

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2.5.3.6 Roof Deck Plan

FIGURE 2 - 19 Roof Deck Plan

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2.5.4 Elevation Plan 2.5.4.1 Front Elevation

FIGURE 2 - 20 Front Elevation

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2.5.4.2 Rear Elevation

FIGURE 2 - 21 Rear Elevation

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2.5.4.3 Right Side Elevation

FIGURE 2 - 22 Right-Side Elevation

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2.5.4.4 Left Side Elevation

FIGURE 2 - 23 Left-Side Elevation

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2.5.5 Foundation Plan

FIGURE 2 - 24 Foundation Plan

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2.5.6 Structural Framing Plan 2.5.6.1 Ground Floor Framing Plan

FIGURE 2 - 25 Ground Floor Framing Plan

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2.5.6.2 Second Floor Framing Plan

FIGURE 2 - 26 Second Floor Framing Plan

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2.5.6.3 Third Floor Framing Plan

FIGURE 2 - 27 Third Floor Framing Plan

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2.5.6.4 Fourth Floor Framing Plan

FIGURE 2 - 28 Fourth Floor Framing Plan

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2.5.6.5 Fifth Floor Framing Plan

FIGURE 2 - 29 Fifth Floor Framing Plan

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2.6 Related Literature

Norman Cabacungan, Daniel Paulo Libiran and Anniezette Siobal proposed a project that was submitted to the engineering department of Mapua Institute of Technology (MIT), they used the concept most economic sections in designing for the structural members as well as the superstructure of the proposed structure and also it adopted the idea of green technology to promote an environment-friendly structure by installing plant life to the project location. All the structural members are made with reinforced concrete. (Cabacunga, 2018). When structural steel members are in contact with horizontal members, such as concrete slabs, dust and moisture easily accumulate at their junction. This can induce local corrosion at their ends, and consequently, reduce their compressive strengths. In this study, compressive tests were conducted on circular tubular short columns to examine the change in compressive strength with local corrosion at the ends of the columns. As a result, local buckling occurred near the column ends. Moreover, residual compressive strengths linearly decreased as the corroded depth, height, and circumference increased. An evaluation method using the effective volume was proposed to assess the residual critical compressive strengths of circular tubular short columns with locally corroded ends. (Kim, Dao, Shin, Jeong, & Kim, 2018), (Wang, Liu, & Zhou, 2016), (Li & Belarbi, 2011) , (Essawy & El-Hawary, 1998), and (Yang, Sneed, Morgan, Saiidi, & Belarbi, 2015) The selection of a particular type of framing system depends upon two important parameters i.e. seismic risk of the zone and the budget. The lateral forces acting on any structure are distributed according to the flexural rigidity of individual components. Indian Codes divide the entire country into four seismic zones (II, III, IV & V) depending on the seismic risks. OMRCF is probably the most commonly adopted type of frame in lower seismic zones. However with increase in the seismic risks, it becomes insufficient and SMRCF or Steel Brace frames need to be adopted. A rigid frame in structural engineering is the load resisting skeleton constructed with straight or curved members interconnected by mostly rigid connections which resist movements induced at the joints of members. Its members can take bending moment, shear, and axial loads. They are of two types: Rigid framed Structures & Braced-frames Structures. The two common assumptions as to the behavior of a building frame are that its beams are free to rotate at their connections and that its members are so connected that the angles they make with each other do not change under load. Momentresisting frames are rectilinear assemblages of beams and columns, with the beams rigidly connected to the columns. Resistance to lateral forces is provided primarily by rigid frame action-that is, by amount of reinforcement etc. Moment frames have been widely used for seismic resisting systems due to their superior deformation and energy dissipation capacities. A moment frame consists of beams and columns, which are rigidly connected. The components of a moment frame should resist both gravity and lateral load. Lateral forces are distributed according to the flexural rigidity of each component. The development of bending moment and shear force in the frame members and joints. Frames may be designed using concept of strong column-weak girder proportions. There are two types of MRF: OMRF and SMRF. Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF) is a moment-resisting frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behavior. Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) is a moment resisting frame specially detailed to provide ductile behavior and comply with the requirements given in IS-4326 or IS-13920 or SP6. (Titiksh, A., & Gupta M.K.

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(2015). A Study of the Various Structural Framing Systems Subjected to Seismic Loads. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 2) The objective of this study was to investigate the seismic behaviors of columns in OMRCF and Intermediate Moment Resisting Concrete Frames (IMRCF). For this purpose, two three-story OMRCF and IMRCF were designed according to the minimum design and reinforcement detailing requirements specified in ACI 318-02. This study assumed that the building was located in seismic zone 1, as classified by UBC. According to ACI 318-02 the reinforcement detailing requirements for OMRCF are less stringent than those for either IMRCF or SMRCF (Special Moment Resisting Concrete Frames). Tests were carried out to evaluate the seismic behaviors of OMRCF a...