Reproductive System Lab (Fetal Development) PDF

Preview

Summary

Lab Assignment BIO 132...

Description

Human Biology BIO132 BIO132 Fetal Development Lab 25 pts

Use web resources to complete this lab. Submit the lab to the appropriate assignment.

1. About sex: bacteria and viruses clone themselves. Most everything else larger than a single cell relies on a mingling of genes from two organisms as a result of sex to reproduce, which requires a complex handling of chromosomes termed meiosis. In mammal’s meiosis results in the formation of sperm and egg. What’s the big advantage? In mammal meiosis, it tries to create a daughter cell in the first division. Meiosis creates new combinations of genetic material in each of the four daughter cells. These new combinations result from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes. 2. The article https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pheromones-sex-lives/ makes a really important point about pheromones. Many many years ago a research study was published that showed that a study group comprised of women could pick out the man with the immune system most diverse from theirs just by examining T-shirts from the men. Similar studies have shown that men can also detect similar traits. Of what advantage is it, if two people who procreate have picked their immunological opposite? Finding your “opposite” correlates with sexuality and it enhances the desire to procreate which, that in itself, is an advantage. Because couples with differing HLA complexes found the scent of their partner even more appealing. When these opposites procreate, the child would have an extremely strong immune system

1

Human Biology BIO132 3. Cloning creates an identical copy of the parent organism. Bacteria clone themselves. Here’s the down-low on the irish potato famine which was instrumental in getting some of my relatives over here. https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/agriculture_02 This is why we need meiosis! Organisms with identical genes have identical susceptibilities. There is no response needed here.

4. Technology for performing cloning of mammals is zooming ahead at a fierce pace. Can we clone dogs and cats? There are two companies that can clone a person’s pets and they are ViaGen and Sooam Biotech. The company ViaGen is the one that owns the patent to cloning animals and Sooam BioTech have a license through Start Licensing, which is a subsidiary of ViaGen pretty much making ViaGen the top company when it comes to cloning. 5. Opinion poll: (just for fun) should we clone humans? 6. Think about the development of the fetus over the 9 months in terms of semesters. Outline the major milestones reached by the fetus, and indicate the appropriate timeframe (exampleheartbeat starts at around 6 weeks). Make sure to reference your sources if other than the video. Take some time on this question, most of the points accrued by this lab will be graded based on responses to this question.

2

Human Biology BIO132

Trimester 1 is twelve weeks long and it is the most crucial to the child’s development. Week 1: the female’s body is busy getting to prepare for when she does get pregnant. The uterus is thickening so it can house and feed the fertilized egg once it implants. Week 3: This is when the sperm and egg would merge into one cell becoming a zygote. Chromosomes from the male and female are beginning to intertwine. Week 5: This is when the baby would be forming a brain and spinal cord. This also is when the first few stages of pregnancy symptoms start to occur. Week 6: The baby’s heartbeat has formed, and the human features are starting to emerge like the eyes and lids. Week 12: The final week of the first trimester which is a massive milestone for any pregnancy! By the end of this week, the risk of having a miscarriage drops significantly. By now the female would put on 2 to 5 pounds, and the baby looks like a fully formed person.

Trimester 2 Week 14: The child is developing fingerprints Week 15: This is when a doctor will be able to test for Down syndrome and other chromosome problems. Week 20: This is the halfway point of the pregnancy which means that this is when the first ultrasound can be done. Week 22: The baby’s sex organs are also developing at this point. Week 26: Since the baby’s eyes have developed, at this point in time they have finally opened.

Trimester 3 Week 29: There is less room in the womb for the baby which means that the female is feeling every movement. Week 31: The female might be experiencing “practice” contractions the last 30 seconds to about 2 minutes. Week 40: This is technically the week when you would give birth but that doesn’t happen most of the time. The average size a baby measures to be is about 20 inches long and weighs 7 pounds, give or take.

3...