Review 22-23 - Summary Seeley\'s Anatomy and Physiology PDF

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review of chapters 22 and 23 for exam ...

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review 22-24 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The lymphatic system is involved in ฀ ฀ A. lipid absorption from the digestive tract. B. transporting lymph from the intestines to the liver. C. maintenance of pH in the tissues. D. production of erythrocytes. E. protein metabolism. 2. The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by ฀ A. adding lymph to GI tract secretions. B. returning interstitial fluid to the plasma. C. transporting lymph from tissues to the liver. D. carrying excess fluid to the kidneys to be excreted. E. actively absorbing fluid from the blood.

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3. What is the purpose of lacteals? ฀ ฀ A. Drain blood from the spleen. B. Absorb fluid from capillary beds. C. Absorb lipids from the digestive tract. D. Absorb solutes from interstitial spaces. 4. Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to ฀ A. veins. B. arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. E. venules.

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5. How do lymphatic capillaries differ form blood capillaries? ฀ ฀ A. Lymphatic capillaries do not have a basement membrane. B. Simple squamous epithelial cells of lymphatics overlap with loose attachments. C. Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. D. Lymphatic capillary epithelium act as one-way valves preventing movement of fluid back into interstitial spaces. E. All of the choices are ways lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries. 6. Lymph movement is assisted by ฀ ฀ A. contraction of skeletal muscle. B. contraction of smooth muscle in lymph vessel. C. pressure changes in the thorax during respiration. D. compression of lymphatic vessels. E. All of these choices are correct. 7. Which of the following organs does NOT contain lymphatic tissue? ฀ A. liver B. spleen C. lingual tonsils D. thymus E. pharyngeal tonsils.

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8. Peyer patches are lymphatic nodules found in the ฀ A. lymph nodes. B. spleen and tonsils. C. appendix and tonsils. D. small intestine and appendix.

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9. Tonsils ฀ ฀ A. increase in size in adults. B. are located in both the oral and abdominal cavities. C. provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities. D. contain red pulp and white pulp. E. are not functional in children. 10. Bacteria and debris are actively removed from the lymph by _____ in the sinuses of lymph nodes. ฀ A. trabecular cells B. germinal cells C. macrophages. D. lymphocytes E. plasma cells 11. Germinal centers are the sites of ฀ ฀ A. increased blood flow to the lymph nodes. B. fluid production. C. increased flow of lymph from infected tissues. D. entrance of lymph into lymph nodes. E. proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. 12. The only structures that filter lymph is/are the ฀ A. tonsils. B. spleen. C. lymph nodes. D. thymus.

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13. The spleen ฀ ฀ A. filters damaged red blood cells from the blood. B. changes undifferentiated lymphocytes into competent lymphocytes. C. is necessary for life. It can't be removed without causing death. D. produces several different hormones with unknown function. E. has additional digestive functions. 14. The white pulp of the spleen ฀ ฀ A. contains lymphocytes that can stimulate an immune response. B. filters lymph as it flows through the spleen. C. destroys defective red blood cells. D. stimulates immune responses, filter lymph, and destroys defective red blood cells. 15. When innate immunity is activated, ฀ ฀ A. each exposure is very specific. B. previous exposures are remembered. C. each exposure produces the same response. D. each exposure increases the strength of the immune response. E. the second exposure does not produce a response. 16. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity? ฀ A. It has memory.฀ B. You are born with it. C. It has specificity. D. Acquired throughout your lifetime.

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17. Which of the following characteristics is/are most consistent with adaptive immunity? ฀ A. constant response to each exposure B. specificity C. memory D. increased response to second and subsequent exposures E. specificity, memory and increased response to second and subsequent exposures 18. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of complement action? ฀ A. produces cytokines B. opsonization C. attracts other immune cells to the site of infection D. forms a MAC that leads to cell lysis 19. A protein that helps to protect the body against viral infections is ฀ A. complement. B. interferon. C. lysozyme. D. histamine. E. kinin. 20. The two major types of phagocytic cells are ฀ A. neutrophils and monocytes. B. neutrophils and macrophages. C. monocytes and macrophages. D. lymphocytes and monocytes. E. eosinophils and T cells.

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21. During the inflammatory response, ฀ ฀ A. vasoconstriction occurs. B. chemical mediators are released. C. vascular permeability is decreased. D. neutrophil production is depressed. E. blood flow is reduced. 22. Which of the following substances causes increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, and vasodilation? ฀ ฀ A. histamine B. protaglandins C. leukotrienes D. complement E. cytokines 23. ______ determines which B-cell is cloned in an antibody-mediated response. ฀ A. The antibody B. The antigen C. A macrophage D. Complement E. A neutrophil 24. The effects of cell-mediated immunity are the result of activities of ฀ A. B cells. B. cytotoxic T cells. C. macrophages. D. dendritic cells. E. helper T cells.

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25. The MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class molecules ฀ A. are only found on B cells. B. are found in the nucleus of cells. C. allow the immune system to respond to antigens inside cells. D. are lipoproteins on cell surfaces. E. do not attach to plasma membranes.

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26. Lymphocyte activation can occur in several ways. However, in all cases ฀ ฀ A. lymphocytes must recognize an antigen. B. helper T cells are activated first and they then stimulate other cells. C. antigen-presenting cells process the antigen and present it to the lymphocytes. D. cytokines released by the antigen stimulate the lymphocyte response. E. antigens must be able to recognize the lymphocytes. 27. MHC class II molecules are found on ฀ ฀ A. neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. B. dendritic cells, B cells, and helper T cells. C. monocytes, helper T cells, and neutrophils. D. B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. E. B cells, C cells and D cells. 28. Antibodies ฀ ฀ A. activate antigens. B. may initiate inflammation and enhance phagocytosis. C. are proteins produced by T helper cells. D. are needed for costimulation. E. have memory. 29. B-cells ฀ ฀ A. are a subset of T cells. B. when activated become plasma cells and produce antibodies. C. are responsible for forming all the body's memory cells. D. suppress the activity of T cells. E. mature in the thymus. 30. A traditional method of providing temporary immunity for a person who is suspected of being infected (usually be an animal bite) with rabies is classified as ฀ ฀ A. active natural immunity. B. active artificial immunity. C. passive natural immunity. D. passive artificial immunity. E. passive active immunity. 31. The type of adaptive immunity that provides immediate protection against disease when there is no time for the person to develop their own immunity is called _____ immunity. ฀ ฀ A. active natural B. active artificial C. passive innate D. passive artificial E. active immediate Use the following key to determine the best answer.฀ A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.฀ B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.฀ C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 32. (1) alveolar pressure during inspiration; ฀ (2) alveolar pressure during expiration ฀ ฀ ________________________________________

33. (1) PO2 in alveolar air; ฀ (2) PO2 in venous blood ฀ ฀ ________________________________________ 34. (1) PO2 of arterial blood; ฀ (2) PO2 of intracellular fluid. ฀ ฀ ________________________________________ Match the term with the appropriate description, answer with the letter preceding the description.฀ A. the floor of the nasal cavity฀ B. superior portion of pharynx฀ C. a soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate฀ D. the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx฀ E. external openings of the nasal cavity 35. external nares฀ "Enter the letter of the correct description below" ฀ ฀ ________________________________________ 36. nasopharynx฀ "Enter the letter of the correct description below" ฀ ________________________________________

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Match the term with the appropriate description or definition.฀ A. sum of the inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal, and residual volumes฀ B. volume of air inspired during a normal inspiration฀ C. volume of air remaining in lungs after the most forceful expiration฀ D. sum of the expiratory reserve, inspiratory reserve, and tidal volumes฀ E. the amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the normal tidal volume 37. expiratory reserve volume฀ "Enter the letter of the correct description below" ฀ ________________________________________ 38. residual volume฀ "Enter the letter of the correct description below" ฀ ________________________________________ 39. vital capacity฀ "Enter the letter of the correct description below" ฀ ________________________________________

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40. The posterior wall of the trachea contains smooth muscle called the __________ muscle. ฀ ________________________________________ 41. Gas exchange between the air and the blood takes place in the __________. ฀ ________________________________________

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42. The thyroid cartilage is part of the __________. ฀ ฀ ________________________________________ 43. The part of the respiratory system where gas exchange does not occur is called __________ space. ฀ ________________________________________ ฀

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review 22-24 Key฀

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The lymphatic system is involved in ฀ ฀ A. lipid absorption from the digestive tract. B. transporting lymph from the intestines to the liver. C. maintenance of pH in the tissues. D. production of erythrocytes. E. protein metabolism.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L01.01 Describe the major functions of the lymphatic system.฀ Learning Outcome: 22.01A. Describe the functions of the lymphatic system. ฀ Section: 22.01฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #1฀

The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by ฀ A. adding lymph to GI tract secretions. B. returning interstitial fluid to the plasma. C. transporting lymph from tissues to the liver. D. carrying excess fluid to the kidneys to be excreted. E. actively absorbing fluid from the blood.

What is the purpose of lacteals? ฀ ฀ A. Drain blood from the spleen. B. Absorb fluid from capillary beds. C. Absorb lipids from the digestive tract. D. Absorb solutes from interstitial spaces.

Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to ฀ A. veins. B. arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. E. venules.

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L01.01 Describe the major functions of the lymphatic system.฀ Learning Outcome: 22.01A. Describe the functions of the lymphatic system. ฀ Section: 22.01฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #2฀

Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L01.01 Describe the major functions of the lymphatic system.฀ Learning Outcome: 22.01A. Describe the functions of the lymphatic system. ฀ Section: 22.01฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #5฀

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L02.02 Compare and contrast lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in terms of structure and function. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02B. Describe the structure of lymphatic vessels. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #9฀

How do lymphatic capillaries differ form blood capillaries? ฀ ฀ A. Lymphatic capillaries do not have a basement membrane. B. Simple squamous epithelial cells of lymphatics overlap with loose attachments. C. Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. D. Lymphatic capillary epithelium act as one-way valves preventing movement of fluid back into interstitial spaces. E. All of the choices are ways lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand฀ HAPS Objective: L02.02 Compare and contrast lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in terms of structure and function. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02B. Describe the structure of lymphatic vessels. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #10฀

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Lymph movement is assisted by ฀ ฀ A. contraction of skeletal muscle. B. contraction of smooth muscle in lymph vessel. C. pressure changes in the thorax during respiration. D. compression of lymphatic vessels. E. All of these choices are correct. Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L02.02 Compare and contrast lymphatic vessels and blood vessels in terms of structure and function. ฀ HAPS Objective: L02.04 Describe the mechanisms of lymph formation and circulation. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02C. Explain how lymph is formed and transported through lymphatic vessels. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #12฀

Which of the following organs does NOT contain lymphatic tissue? ฀ A. liver B. spleen C. lingual tonsils D. thymus E. pharyngeal tonsils.

Peyer patches are lymphatic nodules found in the ฀ A. lymph nodes. B. spleen and tonsils. C. appendix and tonsils. D. small intestine and appendix.

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02A. List the parts of the lymphatic system. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #16฀

Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02a Identify and describe the gross anatomical features the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosaeassociated lymphatic tissue (MALT).฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02A. List the parts of the lymphatic system. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #19฀

Tonsils ฀ ฀ A. increase in size in adults. B. are located in both the oral and abdominal cavities. C. provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities. D. contain red pulp and white pulp. E. are not functional in children.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02d Describe the function of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #22฀

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Bacteria and debris are actively removed from the lymph by _____ in the sinuses of lymph nodes. ฀ A. trabecular cells B. germinal cells C. macrophages. D. lymphocytes E. plasma cells

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02d Describe the function of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02C. Explain how lymph is formed and transported through lymphatic vessels. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #26฀

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Germinal centers are the sites of ฀ ฀ A. increased blood flow to the lymph nodes. B. fluid production. C. increased flow of lymph from infected tissues. D. entrance of lymph into lymph nodes. E. proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02a Identify and describe the gross anatomical features the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosaeassociated lymphatic tissue (MALT).฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02b Identify and describe the microscopic anatomy of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT).฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02d Describe the function of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02C. Explain how lymph is formed and transported through lymphatic vessels. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #27฀

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The only structures that filter lymph is/are the ฀ A. tonsils. B. spleen. C. lymph nodes. D. thymus.

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Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02d Describe the function of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02C. Explain how lymph is formed and transported through lymphatic vessels. ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #29฀

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The spleen ฀ ฀ A. filters damaged red blood cells from the blood. B. changes undifferentiated lymphocytes into competent lymphocytes. C. is necessary for life. It can't be removed without causing death. D. produces several different hormones with unknown function. E. has additional digestive functions.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02d Describe the function of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #30฀

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The white pulp of the spleen ฀ ฀ A. contains lymphocytes that can stimulate an immune response. B. filters lymph as it flows through the spleen. C. destroys defective red blood cells. D. stimulates immune responses, filter lymph, and destroys defective red blood cells.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02a Identify and describe the gross anatomical features the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosaeassociated lymphatic tissue (MALT).฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02b Identify and describe the microscopic anatomy of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT).฀ HAPS Objective: L03.02d Describe the function of the lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils and other aggregations of mucosae-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). ฀ Learning Outcome: 22.02E. Describe the structure and function of tonsils, lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. ฀ Section: 22.02฀ Topic: Lymphatic System and Immunity฀ VanPutte - Chapter 22 #32฀

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When innate immunity is activated, ฀ ฀ A. each exposure is very specific. B. previous exposures are remembered. C. each exposure produces the same response. D. each exposure increases the strength of the immune response. E. the second exposure does not produce a response. Blooms Level: 1. Remember฀ HAPS Objective: L04.02 Define immunity and the immune system. ฀ HAPS...