Review Test Submission Exam 3 – BIOL 225-A01 General PDF

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Description

2/24/2021

Review Test Submission: Exam 3 – BIOL 225-A01 General ...

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Course Content

Quizzes and Exams

Jodyann Munroe

Review Test Submission: Exam 3

Review Test Submission: Exam 3 User

Jodyann Munroe

Course

BIOL 225-A01 General Ecology Su20

Test

Exam 3

Started

6/29/20 6:49 PM

Submitted

6/29/20 8:32 PM

Due Date

6/29/20 11:59 PM

Status

Completed

Attempt Score

39.5 out of 55 points

Time Elapsed

1 hour, 42 minutes out of 1 hour and 45 minutes

Instructions There are 49 questions. The last 3 are short answer/essay questions. They shouldn't require more than a good paragraph to answer.

You will have 1 hour and 40 minutes to complete the exam. Pace yourself accordingly. I will be available from 8-10 AM in case you have questions. After 10 AM, you can still e-mail questions to me, but there is no guarantee I will see them before you finish the exam. Good luck, and enjoy the rest of your summer.

Question 1

1 out of 1 points

An ecological community is made up of:

Question 2

0 out of 1 points

An ecosystem includes:

Question 3

1 out of 1 points

The energy used by organisms in most ecosystems comes ultimately from:

Question 4

0 out of 1 points

Keystone predators can maintain high species richness in a community if they: https://bridgew.blackboard.com/webapps/assessment/review/review.jsp?attempt_id=_7183430_1&course_id=_68603_1&content_id=_2552033_1&o… 1/16

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Question 5

1 out of 1 points

Consider the pictured food web. Which of these species has direct interactions with the greatest number of other species?

Question 6

0 out of 1 points

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Hawks can have indirect interactions with how many other species?

Question 7

1 out of 1 points

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Which species is best described as a producer?

Question 8

0 out of 1 points

Which species should have the smallest population size?

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Question 9

0 out of 1 points

In a tidal marsh near Dartmouth, MA, diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) eat green crabs (Carcinus maenas), which eat smooth periwinkles (Littorina obtusata), which eats salt marsh grasses (Spartina spp.). The terrapin was hunted nearly to extinction (for turtle soup) before being protected by Massachusetts and several other states. Since then, its population has been slowly increasing. If the terrapin exerts top-down control on this salt marsh community, wha should be the effect of increasing the terrapin's population size?

Question 10

0 out of 1 points

In a tidal marsh near Dartmouth, MA, diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) eat green crabs (Carcinus maenas), which eat smooth periwinkles (Littorina obtusata), which eats salt marsh grasses (Spartina spp.). If the grasses exert bottom-up control on the community, then an increase in growth of the grasses should have what effect?

Question 11

1 out of 1 points

Most ecosystems have 4 or fewer trophic levels. What is the primary reason for this limitation?

Question 12

0 out of 1 points

Gross Primary Productivity is generally:

Question 13

1 out of 1 points

Why is biodiversity greatest in the tropics and least at the poles?

Question 14

1 out of 1 points

Why are coastal waters more productive than the open ocean?

Question 15

1 out of 1 points

Eutrophication is a problem caused by:

Question 16

1 out of 1 points

Increased environmental complexity generally leads to increased biodiversity. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?

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Question 17

0 out of 1 points

Consider these two rank-abundance curves, which represent aquatic insect communities in two habitats. Which of the communities has greater species richness?

Question 18

1 out of 1 points

Consider these two rank-abundance curves, which represent aquatic insect communities in two habitats. Which of the communities has greater species evenness?

Question 19

0 out of 1 points

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Suppose a third community was added to the graph, and its rank-abundance curve displayed a positive slope. What would be true of this community?

Question 20

1 out of 1 points

Consider the species richness of these two snail communities living in patches of forest habitat. Which community has greater alpha diversity?

Question 21

0 out of 1 points

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Consider the species richness of these two snail communities living in patches of forest habitat. What is the gamma diversity of the region?

Question 22

1 out of 1 points

Consider the edges of the habitat patches. At the black lines, there is an abrupt transition from forest to grassland habitat. This transition area is called:

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Question 23

1 out of 1 points

Usually, most species in a community have:

Question 24

0 out of 1 points

You have been put in charge of designing a conservation reserve for the city of San Haragán, a fictional city in the Amazon Basin. Your top assistants are arguing over the design. Wilmer thinks a large reserve will reduce extinction rates the most, but Kiwi says a smaller reserve will have the same effect but will be more cost-effective. Who is correct?

Question 25

1 out of 1 points

Because of the pattern of human land use near San Haragán, you are only able to purchase several small properties. Wilmer cries that all of the endangered species are doomed to extinction, but you, having taken BIOL225 at BSU, know better. How can you reduce extinction rates in these small reserves?

Question 26

0 out of 1 points

Frederic Clements argued that communities are highly coevolved and interdependent. Henry Gleason argued instead that species occur together in communities simply because they are all able to tolerate the same conditions. Consider the two patterns of the distribution of 4 tree species. Which would more closely resemble a Clementsian (interdependent) pattern of community assembly?

Question 27

1 out of 1 points

The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography proposes that:

Question 28

1 out of 1 points

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In the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography, species richness on islands is assumed to be a dynamic equilibrium between colonization (driven by isolation) and extinction (driven by island size). Based on this diagram, which should have the greatest species richness?

Question 29

1 out of 1 points

Which pattern represents the most common relationship between productivity and species biodiversity?

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Question 30

0 out of 1 points

This graph represents responses of six species to disturbance by Hurricane Hugo, which struck the island of Puerto Rico in 1989. Year 0 is the time of the disturbance, so Year -1 indicates the year before the hurricane. Species F exhibits:

Question 31

1 out of 1 points

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Sycamore Creek, Arizona, is a small, slow-flowing stream that is occasionally subject to severe flash floods. This figure shows changes in algal diversity over time following a flash flood. Based on what you know about disturbance, why did diversity begin to decline approximately 40 days after the flood?

Question 32

1 out of 1 points

An outbreak of invasive bark beetles in a forest kills an oak tree, causing it to fall over. No one hears it. In the canopy gap this creates, grasses and forbs rapidly establish themselves. Some o these species are nitrogen fixers: they increase nutrient availability in the soil. This enables species that need more nutrients, like shrubs, to replace the grasses and forbs. The roots of the shrubs alter the texture of the soil, increasing its ability to hold oxygen and water. This allows a new oak seedling to establish itself. As the oak grows, it fills the canopy gap and causes all of th https://bridgew.blackboard.com/webapps/assessment/review/review.jsp?attempt_id=_7183430_1&course_id=_68603_1&content_id=_2552033_1&… 12/16

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other plants beneath it to die from lack of sunlight. No new species are able to establish themselves under the shade of the oak. This example best describes:

Question 33

1 out of 1 points

An outbreak of invasive bark beetles in a forest kills an oak tree, causing it to fall over. No one hears it. In the canopy gap this creates, grasses and forbs rapidly establish themselves. Some o these species are nitrogen fixers: they increase nutrient availability in the soil. This enables species that need more nutrients, like shrubs, to replace the grasses and forbs. The roots of the shrubs alter the texture of the soil, increasing its ability to hold oxygen and water. This allows a new oak seedling to establish itself. As the oak grows, it fills the canopy gap and causes all of th other plants beneath it to die from lack of sunlight. In this ecosystem, oak-dominated forest is probably a climax community.

Question 34

0 out of 1 points

An outbreak of invasive bark beetles in a forest kills an oak tree, causing it to fall over. No one hears it. In the canopy gap this creates, grasses and forbs rapidly establish themselves. Some o these species are nitrogen fixers: they increase nutrient availability in the soil. This enables species that need more nutrients, like shrubs, to replace the grasses and forbs. The roots of the shrubs alter the texture of the soil, increasing its ability to hold oxygen and water. This allows a new oak seedling to establish itself. As the oak grows, it fills the canopy gap and causes all of th other plants beneath it to die from lack of sunlight. This scenario is most consistent with which model of succession?

Question 35

0 out of 1 points

When the tree fell, it didn't make a sound.

Question 36

1 out of 1 points

Why do big, fierce predators usually have low population sizes?

Question 37

1 out of 1 points

If the Greenhouse Effect did not operate:

Question 38

1 out of 1 points

What is the fundamental difference between how matter and energy are used in ecosystems?

Question 39

1 out of 1 points

If water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas, why are scientists so much more concerne about CO2 and CH4? https://bridgew.blackboard.com/webapps/assessment/review/review.jsp?attempt_id=_7183430_1&course_id=_68603_1&content_id=_2552033_1&… 13/16

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Question 40

1 out of 1 points

Globally, the greatest amount of carbon is found in:

Question 41

1 out of 1 points

2016 was the warmest year ever recorded since humans began formally monitoring temperature in 1880. Which of the following is true?

Question 42

1 out of 1 points

2019 was the second warmest year since humans began formally monitoring temperature in 1880. Which of the following is true?

Question 43

1 out of 1 points

Global surface temperatures have been increasing rapidly for the last 150 years, and the 10 warmest years ever recorded have all occurred in the last 15 years. Which of the following is true?

Question 44

1 out of 1 points

Current climate models suggest that:

Question 45

1 out of 1 points

Approximately 15,000 years ago, much of the earth was covered by glaciers. The difference in global mean temperature between that "ice age" and today was:

Question 46

1 out of 1 points

Ocean acidification is a potentially serious problem because:

Question 47

4 out of 4 points

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These graphs clearly show that the earth has been warmer in the distant past (before humans produced lots of greenhouse gas emissions) than it is now. Some argue that this means we should not be concerned about current global climate change. Critique this argument. (4 points)

Question 48

1.5 out of 3 points

California supports many more species than does Hawaii, but Hawaii exhibits a much greater amount of endemism (i.e., many Hawaiian species are found nowhere else). Based on concepts you learned in this course, explain these observations in no more than 3 sentences. (3 points)

Question 49

2 out of 2 points

What is the single most interesting thing you learned in this class? Why was it so interesting to you? Your answer is not limited just to material for this exam. (2 points) https://bridgew.blackboard.com/webapps/assessment/review/review.jsp?attempt_id=_7183430_1&course_id=_68603_1&content_id=_2552033_1&… 15/16

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Question 50

1 out of 0 points (Extra Credit)

Extra Credit: Rank the SimUText simulations from 1 (worst) to 6 (best). Note that this does not include the extra credit epidemiology simulation. (Also note that there is no wrong answer, no matter what Blackboard tells you when you check your answers tomorrow.) Wednesday, February 24, 2021 12:22:18 PM EST

← OK

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