Revision multiple choice questions with answers 2019 PDF

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Lecturer- Stephanie Godrich...

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NUT2210 Revision multiple choice questions 1) A full term infant’s iron stores are usually depleted by: a) 4 weeks b) 3 months c) 6 months d) 12 months e) 15 months 2) a) b) c) d) e)

The AVERAGE energy need of infants changes from that in the first 6 months of life. An infant of 9 months requires __how much energy per kg of body weight. 240 kJ 410 kJ 450 kJ 510 kJ 640 kJ

a) b) c) d) e)

A child’s serial BMI measurements indicate her weight is tracking along the 90th centile for her age of at both 2 and 4 year measurements with the Child Health Nurse. The mother comes to see you. As a nutritionist, what would be the next recommended course of action for this young girl? Nothing—she is too young to worry; just check her BMI yearly She should have an in-depth medical assessment to check for secondary complications Weight maintenance or gradual weight loss of no more than 1-2 kg per week Weight loss of 2-3 kg per week is highly recommended Discuss the home environment with parents to minimise exposures to continued weight gain

3)

4) Which of the following is true about body image during adolescence? a) Adolescents are very self-conscious. b) Some adolescent females feel they are too large. c) Some adolescent males feel they are not muscular enough. d) Unhealthy tactics may be used to try and achieve an unrealistic body shape. e) All of the above. 5)

a) b) c) d) e)

A 16-year-old female weighed 70kg at the end of Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) Stage 3 and had an estimated 25% body fat stores. Which of the following statements best describes her reproductive capabilities? She has adequate body fat stores, but is unable to start menses due to her SMR rating She has adequate body fat stores and has started and can support menses She has limited body fat stores and is unable to support menses due to body composition stores She has breast buds and pubic hair, based on her SMR rating She is showing rapid weight gain

6) If someone is following a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, he or she consumes: a) no animal foods of any kind. b) eggs and milk, but no other animal foods. c) dairy, but no other animal foods. d) no “red” meat. e) fruit only.

7) The most variable component of energy expenditure is: a) the thermic effect of food. b) basal metabolic rate. c) activity thermogenesis. d) sleep habits. e) bone mass. 8) Growth and maturation are complete by early adulthood; therefore, nutritional emphasis turns to: a) maintaining physical status. b) avoiding excessive fat deposition. c) continuing to build bone mass. d) all of the above e) a and b only 9) Jessica is aged 22 and she weighs 66 kg and her stature is 156 cm tall. What is her BMI? a) 27 kg/m2 b) 26 kg/m2 c) 21 kg/m2 d) 19 kg/m2 e) 36 kg/m2 10) In the aging adult there are physiological changes to the gastrointestinal system. These include: a) increased secretion of hydrochloric acid b) decreased absorption of some minerals and vitamins c) reduced saliva flow d) a, b and c e) b and c 11) Having a deficiency of which vitamin has been implicated in increased blood levels of homocysteine in the elderly? a) Iron b) Folate c) Calcium d) All the B vitamins and vitamin C e) Fat-soluble vitamins only (A, D, E, K) 12) Which are the correct Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) for prevention of chronic disease as described by the NHMRC (2006) for protein, fat, and carbohydrate? a) 15-25 %, 20-35 %, 45-65 % b) 15-35 %, 20-45 %, 40-60 % c) 30-40 %, 15-30 %, 45-60 % d) 10-15%, 30-35 %, 55-65 % e) 12-15%, 30-35 %, 55-60 %

13) A carcinogenic diet is a diet that is low in all of the following EXCEPT: a) Fruits and vegetables. b) Antioxidants (vitamins A and C). c) Whole grains and fibre. d) Plant-based foods. e) Dietary fat.

14) a) b) c) d) e)

The greatest dietary improvement older-adult Australians could make would be to _____. Spend more of their income on foods Eat more vegetables and whole grains Eat more fish and non-fat dairy Take more calcium supplements Eat less serves of meat

a) b) c) d) e)

Which of the following is NOT a usual trend in body composition among older adults? Increase in muscle mass Increase in fat mass Redistribution of fat mass Increase in total body weight All of the above

15)

Questions 1) Describe two of the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and the implications on nutrient requirements in pregnant women. See Table 4.8 p.93 Brown, 2014 See pp. 81-82 Croxford et al., 2015

2) Identify appropriate gestational weight gain ranges for women who are over-, under-, and normal weight. Table 4.7, p. 105 Brown 2014 and page 81 Croxford et al., 2015 for normal weight gains

3) Outline some factors that influence breast feeding initiation rates and discuss strategies to overcome them. See text pp. 185-186 and Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines

4) State the physiological processes required before semisolid and solid foods can be introduced. Motor development - infants ability to control voluntary muscle movement, sitting up, head held, etc Cognitive development – sensorimotor development – cues and awareness of food, watching, interest, texture, ready for eating Digestive system development - maturation of GI system, peristalsis and rate of passage, digestive enzymes, maturation of kidney and function.

Croxford et al., 2015 See pp. 118-9.

5) If you were a parent following a vegetarian diet, what would be some of the questions you would have regarding nourishment of an infant? Compare how issues might be similar or different in a vegan and a lacto-ovo-vegetarian household. Common issues to consider – IDA, FTT, nutrition needs of the infant, how to plan, fibre content and volume of food Main points to cover Vitamin B12 , iron and zinc, food sources of each, portion and planning meals. Sources of fortified food. Easier plan if able to include milk and eggs as protein sources See Croxford et al., 2015 p. 146

6) What are the characteristics of toddler and preschool growth and how does physical development influence nutritional intake? Slowing of growth velocity See Croxford et al., 2015 pp. 142-146

7) How do the protein needs for an infant (0-6 months) and toddlers (1-3years) differ from those of older children?

Protein requirements for infants aged 0-6months (1.43 g/kg of body weight) are greater than children aged 4-8years (0.91g/kg). Protein needs are expressed as a protein in grams per kg of body weight and because infants are in a rapid period of growth there is an increased requirement for protein. Toddlers require less protein per kg of body weight (1.08g/kg) due to slowed growth but still require quality protein to improve nutrient density of the diet. Smaller portions of protein rich food should be offered at least twice a day as opposed to breast fed infants who receive breast milk or human milk substitute 4-6 hourly. Older children are encouraged to consume quality protein throughout the day from a variety of sources (elaborate add examples) to ensure growth and development. The net protein intake is larger in older children as they have a greater body weight (infant 3-8kg vs 8 year old child 25kg).

8) A couple trying to become pregnant for six months without success sought medical care. The husband had a body mass index of 31 and the woman had irregular menses. During their medical visit, Jen mentioned that she had lost 5kg one month ago because she was

worried about gaining too much weight in pregnancy. She now has a BMI of 18.3kg/m2. What types of dietary or lifestyle behaviours would be important to discuss?

Male - BMI >31 – obese status Body composition which can affect reproductive capabilities - increased fat mass can alter hormonal status, fat cells produce estrogen, androgens and leptin OB related to decreased testosterone, increased estrogen and leptin in men OB related to sperm production and maturation and erectile dysfunction  Oxidative stress – exposure to sperm Nutritional impacts associated with a high energy diet and wt gain Females - BMI...