Rizal Exam reviewer module 1- ZGE 1109 PDF

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Module 7: Rizal's Literature:Towards the Attainment ofNationalism and Patriotism1. Guerrero eliminated as much as 8% of these still recognizable place names in the novel, Noli me tangere. - False2. Since schooled in the European manner, Rizal had a studious interest in Spanish cultural productions, ...

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Module 7: Rizal's Literature: Towards the Attainment of Nationalism and Patriotism 1. Guerrero eliminated as much as 8% of these still recognizable place names in the novel, Noli me tangere. • False 2. Since schooled in the European manner, Rizal had a studious interest in Spanish cultural productions, as shown in his references to folklore, the pasyon and komedya, and native poets • False 3. For Rizal and his contemporaries, to “internationalize” was not an option but a necessity. • True 4. National literature is not created by a single author but by a strategic discursive community. • True 5. Rizal’s call for “social correction” was not radically new since it was already a familiar theme in the costumbrista writings of peninsular and Creole authors in Manila at the time. • True

8. In the 1880s, the colonial world of print was dominated by Spanish and Creole writers based in Manila. • True 9. In “inventing” a national literature, the first move is that of asserting difference, done typically on the basis of a claim to a common culture, history, and identity. • False 10. The assertion of difference would lay the ground for the emergence of a national literature. • True 11. Literature was given the hand maiden function that is supposed to be exercised by the state. • False 12. The two novels of Rizal serves as the mediating element between nationalism and freedom • True 13. The canonization of exemplary writers is one of the major roles of the contemporaries in the 19th century. • False

6. The Space of literature is considered fixed and immutable. • False

14. Rizal knew that a nation’s literature is not just what it once was but what it has – and can – become. It must not only demonstrate that it has a past but a future. • True

7. Rizal recognized the importance of international languages as a cultural resource. • False

15. One has to learn the Original version to learn the peculiarities and the distortions made by Guerrero. • True

16. A group which was supposedly included but never mentioned literally; the one that cannot be fully represented and understood. • Excess 17. The last novel, which was an unfinished one, was entitled: • Makamisa 18. In Rizal's El Consejo De Los Dioces, Rizal fitted three renowned European authors. Who among them, according to Rizal showed so emphasis on social reform and the rule of the reason. • Cervantes 19. According to __________________, "His translation is an attempt to make the novel palatable to the new generation of English-speaking Filipino”… and averted that…”to give the reader the ease of the original composition”. • Benedict Anderson 20. The following are authors of the history of the Philippines before the coming of the Spaniard, except for: • Francisco de Almeida

followed the burly priest who closed the door behind him. •

Exclusion of the Reader

22. Identify what violation did Guerrero commit on the following: Rizal wrote: "holds a Greek shield on his arm and brandishes in his right hand a Jolonese kris. Guerrero's version: "carried a Greek shield on one arm and with the other wielded a Malay kris."

•

Anachronism

23. Identify what violation did Guerrero commit on the following: Rizal wrote: Cualquier bata de la escuela lo sabel. Guerrero's version:

21. Identify what violation did Guerrero commit on the following: Rizal wrote: Capitan Tiago became uneasy, and lost his tongue, but obeyed and followed after the colossal priest, who locked the door behind him. Guerrero's version: He made Capitan Tiago so uneasy he was unable to reply and obediently

"Any schoolboy knows as much". •

Excision of Tagalog

24. Identify what violation did Guerrero commit on the following: The use of cursed word like p*****ina, punyeta, etc was removed if not translated in English •

Bowdlerization

25. Identify what violation did Guerrero commit on the following: Rizal wrote: I fear lest we may be beginning to decline. Whom Jupiter wishes to destroy he first makes mad. Guerrero's version: I fear lest we may be beginning to decline. Whom God would destroy. He first makes mad.

28. MATCH THE TITLES FROM COLUMN A TO THEIR AUTHORS IN COLUMN B. • • • • • • •

•

De-Europeanization •

26. Importance of reading

Aeneid - Virgil Don Quixote de la Mancha Cervantes Iliad - Homer El Folklore Filipino - Isabelo de los Reyes Necessary Fiction - Caroline Hau Rizal and the Invention of Literature - Resil Mojares Hard to Imagine - Benedict Anderson Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Antonio Morga

Module 8: Why Juan is Tamad

•

Words spoken and written are the foundation of life.

•

Reading develops the mind.

•

Discover new things.

1. According to Rizal, Indolence is the cause of the backwardness of the country.

•

Develop your imagination

•

27. Reasons why Rizal chose Morga among other pre-colonial historians:

False

2. Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos is the longest essay of Rizal written in 5 installments. True

•

Original book was rare

•

•

Morga was a layman and not a religious chronicler.

3. Forced labor discouraged the Filipinos to do white collar jobs.

•

Rizal felt that Morga to be more objective than the religious writers.

•

•

Morga compared to religious chronicler was more sympathetic towards the indios.

•

Morga was not only an eyewitness but a major actor in the events he wrote

False

4. There are two general causes of the indolence of the Filipinos. •

True

5. The infertility of soil can be regarded as one reason for the indolence of the Filipinos. •

False

6. Why work hard, if one cannot enjoy the fruits of thy labor? •

True

7. The Filipinos are involved in a very lucrative trade with China and some Middle Eastern Countries in the Pacific. •

False

8. The Filipinos were driven towards the policy of isolation due to the policy of encomienda system. •

False

9. The system of work in Europe is comparatively the same in the Philippines. •

False

10. The Spaniards taught the Filipinos that it is okay to be poor, for rich men do not go to heaven. •

True

11. Love of country is the purest, most heroic and most sublime human sentiment. •

True

12. Rizal published El Amor Patrio in the vernacular newspaper La Solidaridad. •

False

13. In the newspaper, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, the author mentioned that Filipinos are very industrious and hard working as they cultivate their own lands and trade with other countries. •

False

14. The most popular form of gambling that dominated the Philippine system was: •

Cockfighting

15. According to Rizal, the most progressive nations are considered to be the freest. Which among the following nations does not qualify to this premise? •

Brazil

16. The essay Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos is an answer or justification against the criticism made by ____________ against the Filipinos. •

Vicente Barrantes

17. The following are countries with the same climate with the Philippines except for: •

China

18. The following are all natural factors except for one: •

Crooked system of education

19. As the men goes to war, it brought a lot of disadvantages for the Philippines namely: • • •

Depopulation Economic stagnation Neglect of farms

20. What are the different forms of government restrictions? • • •

Stamps Tax Submission of different documents

21. Rizal's Blueprints for nationbuilding. • • • • •

Importance of education Promotion of national consciousness Reinstalling racial pride and dignity Willingness to sacrifice Reorientation of values and attitudes

RIZAL’S PROSE BLUEPRINTS FOR NATIONBUILDING • • • • •

Promotion of national consciousness Importance of education Reorientation of values and attitudes Reinstilling racial pride and dignity Willingness to sacrifice

LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS • • • • • •

A letter of congratulations Marcelo H.Del Pilar( advise) Petition of women – Rights to education Teacher: Teodoro Sandiko Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler Guadalupe Reyes

Reasons on the easy submission of women to the fathers of soul • • •

Ignorance Excessive goodness Humility

What could the offspring be of a woman whose only virtue is to murmur prayers, whose only knowledge is derived from awit, novena, prayer books and miraculous tales intended to fool men, with no other recreation but panguingue or frequent confession of the same sins? What sons would she could have but sacristans, servants of the curate or devotees of cockfighting? The present enslavement of our compatriots is the work of our mothers.

Maturity is the fruit of childhood and childhood is in the lap of the mother.

Ways on how to raise the children: •

Raise your children close to the image of a true God.

•

Prepare and awaken the minds to every good and desirable value:

• • •

love for honor Clean and noble conduct love for fellowmen

•

Tell them repeatedly to prefer death with honor than life with dishonor.

•

Imitate the women of Sparta.

Standards of men that women should marry • • •

A noble and honorable name Manly heart A noble mind

Reminders: •

•

Filipinas dentro de cien anos • • •

Aid her husband, share his perils Refrain from causing him worry Sweeten his moments of affliction

RIZAL’S ADVICE TO UMARRIED MEN AND WOMEN Look for a woman who gives priority to firmness of character and superior ideas rather than physical beauty and sweetness of disposition.

Political forecast The Philippines A Century Hence Standards used: o international relations o contemporary History

First article •

•

RIZAL’S ADVICES TO A MARRIED WOMAN • • •

Do not surrender your young womanhood to a timid and weak heart. A heroic heart could endure any form of sufferings.

Ethical abasement (terrible crisesSpanish Colonization) o changes of laws o forms of government o customs o religious beliefs Male recruitment for military campaigns: o Poverty o Depopulation o Neglect of families and farms

People were caught in metamorphosis, without confidence in the past, without faith in the present and with no fond hope in the years to come

Second article • • •

Systematic humiliation – awaken the natives from their lethargy Hostilities and agitation None of the insurrection was popular in character nor based on the necessity of the whole nation nor did

it struggle for the laws of humanity or justice.

Ways to avoid the eventuality of reforms • • • •

Withhold the knowledge from the people Keep the people in poverty Exterminate the Indio race Regional enmity

Wealth brings with it refinement and the spirit of preservation while poverty inspires adventurous ideas

Third article • ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ •

•

•

✓ France (Indo-china- Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) ✓ Japan – harassed by Russia ✓ China – busy with foreign devils

North America would be quite a troublesome rival, if she should once get into the business

Jose Rizal and the invention of national literature RESIL B. MOJARES

Highlights:

The need for reforms and political transformation right to education free press restoration of the Philippine representation to Spanish Cortes Change must come from the authorities, if It comes from the masses, it must be violent and fatal.

• • •

Importance of reading •

The preference of one man cannot determine the fate of the whole nation.

• • •

Revolution is the final act of desperation.

Words spoken and written are the foundation of life Reading develops the mind Discover new things Develop your imagination

Rizal in the midst of the pre-national stage:

Fourth article •

Stages that led to independence (inevitable)

•

Possible Colonial Powers

✓ England ( India, Hongkong)

Importance of having national literature Rizal's attempt to establish national literature Filipinos role in establishing national literature

Singapore

and

•

El Consejo De Los Dioses,1880 (Virgil, Homer and Cervantes – his call for social reform and the rule of reason) – colonially patriotic but slyly subversive – call for social correction

•

•

•

The call was not radically new since it was already a familiar theme in the Costumbrista writings of the peninsular and creole authors Peninsular elite and creole – native disciple (Isabelo de los Reyes, Pascula Poblete etc) Space of literature is not fixed and immutable: incessant struggle, innovations and challenges

Intellectual moves towards national literature ▪

Asserting difference, done typically on the basis of a claim to a distinct culture, history and identity Basis: deep native tradition

✓ Morga compared to religious chronicler was more sympathetic towards the Indios ✓ Morga was not only an eyewitness but a major actor in the events he wrote

• •

Rizal’s recognition of the local languages as a cultural source Conflicting and ambivalent feeling (issues of Assimilation)

Note: The assertion of difference would lay down the ground for the emergence of national literature.

Internationalization of literature ▪

People’s history must be grounded on their own history……but literature can only grow through a vital conversation with the rest of the world….

▪

Internationalization was not an option but necessity. (Colonialism puts the natives into the world system)

▪

Tomas Pinpin and Isabelo de los Reyes

▪

In this midst, Rizal positioned himself between the inside and the outside.

▪ Reasons : (Ocampo, 2011)

▪

✓ Original book was rare ✓ Morga was a layman and not a religious chronicler ✓ Rizal felt Morga to be more objective than the religious writers

Nation’s literature must not only demonstrate that it has a past but a future. (defense of Tagalog dynamism and translations)

▪

Rizal argued that a broad and vital conversation within the nation must be enabled through the infrastructure of publishing, literary societies and academies and an

wealth of local linguistics cultural resources

First attempt/motive (Rizal) national history ▪ Rizal’s interest on local cultural production ✓ 1st attempt/ motive for national literature: ✓ Annotation to Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

autonomous, rather than a reflex of the colonial encounter.

active community of writers, critics and readers. ▪

▪

National literature is not created by a single author but by a strategic discursive community. Thus, Rizal recognized that writing is an exercise of authority and an exercise of command.

▪

Makamisa

▪

He had a good sense of how literature – its writing and reading – in intimately implicated in history.

▪

Rizal left us a novel that is unfinished- which is what the national literature must always be.

Second motive: a novel in the modern sense of the word – an artistic and literary novel

Role of his contemporaries

▪

▪

Promotion for nation building

▪

Interest on national identity (the search for Filipino soul)

His reaction to “excess” ( a topic/ group which was supposedly included but never mentioned literally; The one that cannot be fully represented and understood)

▪

Promotion of national language

▪

Proliferation of literary societies

▪

Dissemination of native culture

▪

Writing of national literary histories

▪

Luna’s defense on Rizal’s fictional novel against Barrantes

▪

Codification of local poetic practices

▪

▪

Canonization of Exemplary writers

Classicism – Romanticism – Realism

3rd motive: novel that would deal exclusively with the usages, virtues and defects of the tagalog ▪

▪

……This time politics will not occupy much space in it. Ethics will play the principal role. It will deal only with the usages and the customs of the Filipinos; there will only be two Spaniards – the curate and the lieutenant of the civil guards. He meant to write a Tagalog society in its own terms, integral and

Canonization of exemplary writers (20th century) ▪

Republic Act 1425 was immortalized

▪

Functions of literature o Mediating position between freedom and nationalism o New insights o Transmits oral achievements o bridges local and international o Across generations

▪

It provided the STATE the hand maiden function that is supposed to be exercised by LITERATURE (Caroline Hau)

▪

▪

Paradox: The State steps in to the role of literature; for it draws and attracts its own audience… thus compelling the students to read The use of fictional novel to propagate nationalism over a historical documentary

Republic Act 1425 ▪

Mandates the State to oversee if the two novels were read by Filipino students

▪

Product of the different preparations made for the Centennial Celebration of the birth of Jose Rizal ( June 19,1861)

▪

▪

▪

It had long been agreed that his two novels, Noli me tangere and El Filibusterismo chef’s d’oeuvre of Philippine literature, and has a central role in the awakening of the Filipino nationalism Problem: these novels were written is the Spanish language, and as the law suggest it should be read in,” its original and unexpurgated version, or other translations”. Problem No.2: the original was not accessible anymore, if it does, there will be difficulty in understanding since the medium of instruction from 1901 to the present is English

• • •

Solution: Competition for the best translation Leon Ma. Guerrero’s translation One has to learn the Original version to learn the peculiarities and the distortions made by Guerrero.

•

According to him:

“ His translation is an attempt to make the novel palatable to the new generation of English-speaking Filipino”… and averted that…”to give the reader the ease of the original composition”.

7 rubrics (Guerrero’s translation Strategy) – benedict Anderson ▪

DEMODERNIZATION

Guerrero’s translation strategy is not at all to update Rizal’s novel, but rather to push it deep into an antique past. EXAMPLE: Rizal maliciously writes: “ Like an ...