Rizal- Whole- Summary - Lecture notes 1-10 PDF

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Rizal’s life, works and writing Rizal’s Life, Works and Writing Mylene G. Almario Instructor What is Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law? - House Bill No. 5561 - Senate Bill No. 438. - It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, established on 12th of June 1956 by Senator Claro M. Recto. - It requires the cur...

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Rizal’s life, works and writing 1. Rizal’s Life, Works and Writing Mylene G. Almario Instructor 2. What is Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law? - House Bill No. 5561 - Senate Bill No. 438. - It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, established on 12th of June 1956 by Senator Claro M. Recto. - It requires the curricula of private and public schools, colleges and universities courses to include, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. - It was made effective on August 16, 1956. Mylene Gado Almario 3. Rizal Law (Republic Act No. 1425) As stated in the preamble of RA 1425/Rizal Law; “Whereas, today more than other period f or history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died.” “Whereas, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and to teach the duties of citizenship.” Mylene Gado Almario 4. Rizal Law (Republic Act No. 1425) - The law requires all schools, colleges, universities ,private or public to include in their curricula courses on the life and works of Rizal. It also sates that all schools are required to have an adequate number of copies of the copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere, as well as other works and biographies of Rizal. - The purpose of Batas Rizal is to rekindle the flame of nationalism in the hearts of the Filipino, particularly the youth. We are forgetting what our patriots have done and given to fight for our freedom. Mylene Gado Almario 5. Factors in Determining of a Person  Just  Patient  Courageous  Bearer of Wisdom  Respectful  Nationalist Source: National Historical Commission Mylene Gado Almario 6. Criteria in Choosing the Philippine National Hero  Filipino citizen  Patriot/nationalist  Has already been dead  Patient Source: National Historical Commission Mylene Gado Almario 7. Personalities Nominated to be our National Hero  Marcelo H. del Pilar  Emilio Jacinto  Graciano Lopez-Jaena  Antonio Luna Mylene Gado Almario 8. Issues about the Proclamation of Dr.Jose Rizal as National Hero 1. He was the illegitimate son of Adolf Hitler 2. He should not be proclaimed as the national hero because of his cowardice to fight the colonizers through revolution. 3. He was regarded as an ―American-made hero‖ .  First Philippine Commission was formed by the United States President headed by the American Governor-General William Howard c. Taft. Declaration of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national hero was only their strategy to hinder our nationalistic feelings. Mylene Gado Almario

9. Philippines: Spanish Period  Emergence of political unrest in Spanish Politics 1.It started during the reign of King Ferdinand VII 2.Spanish political instability resulted to frequent shifts of colonial policies and unfixed terms of government officials in the Philippines.  Representation in the Spanish Cortes  Deprivation of Human Rights to the Filipino  Corrupt Spanish Official  Inequality  Racial Discrimination  Land ownership and Feudalism Mylene Gado Almario 10. Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda Doctor – complete his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid. Jose – chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian St. Joseph. Protacio – form Gervacio P which come from a Christian calendar, in consideration of the day of his birth. Rizal – from the word ―Ricial ‖ in Spanish means a field where a wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again. Mercado – adopted by Domingo Lamco which Spanish term means market. Alonzo – old name surname of his mother. Realonda – it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the culture by that time. Mylene Gado Almario 11. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda - He was born near midnight of Wednesday of June 19, 1861 to the Rizal family of Calamba, Laguna. - He was baptized by Rev. Rufino Collantes in the Catholic church of Calamba on June 22, 1861, three days after birth. - His Godfather named Father Perdo Casanas, a close friend of Rizal family. - Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery was the governor- general of the Philippines when Rizal was born. Mylene Gado Almario 12. Rizal’s Father Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898) - Born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818. - Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila. - Became a tenant-farmer of the Dominicanowned hacienda. - A hardly and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in body and valiant in spirit. - Died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at age of 80. - Rizal affectionately called him ―a model father‖. Mylene Gado Almario 13. Rizal’s Mother Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911) - Born in Manila on November 8, 1826. Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well- known college for girls in the city. - A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of Spartan. - Is a woman of more than ordinary culture; she known literature and speaks Spanish (according to Rizal). - Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at age of 85. Mylene Gado Almario 14. Information about his parents - Rizal always called her sisters Doña or Señora (married) and Señorita (single). - Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28, 1848, after which they settled down in Calamba. - The real surname of the Rizal was Mercado, which was adopted in 1713 by Domingo Lamco (paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full blooded Chinese. - Rizl‘s family acquired a second surname – Rizal – which was given by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend. Mylene Gado Almario 15. Fig. 1. Father Side Ancestry Mylene Gado Almario 16. Fig. 2. Mother Side Ancestry Mylene Gado Almario

17. The Siblings of Jose Rizal Saturnina (1850-1913) - Oldest of the Rizal children - Nicknamed Neneng Married to Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas. Paciano - Older brother and confident of Jose Rizal. He was the second father to Rizal. - Immortalized him in Rizal‘s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopong Tasio. - Rizal regarded him a s the ―most noble of Filipinos ‖. - He became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution. - Died on April 13, 1930,an old bachelor at age of 79, he had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena) – a boy and a girl. Mylene Gado Almario 18. The Siblings of Jose Rizal Narcisa (1852-1939) - Petname Sisa - She was married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong. Olympia (1855-1887) - Petname Ypia She was married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator in Manila. Lucia (1857-1979) - she was married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas. Maria (1859-1945) Biang was her petname - She was married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. Mylene Gado Almario 19. The Siblings of Jose Rizal Concepcion (1862-1865) - Concha was her pet-name - She died at age of three because of sickness. - Her death was Rizal‘s first sorrow in life. Josefa (1865-1945) - Panggoy was her pet-name - An old maid, died at age of 80. Trinidad (1868-1951) - Trining was her pet-name - An old maid, died at age of 83. Soledad (1870-1929) - Choleng was her pet-name - She was married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.Mylene Gado Almario 20. Rizal’s Home (Physical) - It is one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times. - It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods and roofed with red tiles. - During the day, it hummed with the noises of children at paly and the songs of the birds in the garden; by night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers. - The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines. - The Rizal family had a simple, contented and happy life. Mylene Gado Almario 21. Childhood Years in Calamba, Laguna - Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands around. - Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) – a poem about Rizal‘s beloved town written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was student in the Ateneo de Manila. - The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was three. - Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray the Angelus. Mylene Gado Almario 22. Childhood Years in Calamba, Laguna - Another memory of Rizal during infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town, especially when there was a moon. - The death of Concha was his first sorrow. - At age of three he began to take part in the family prayers. - At 5, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family bible, and make sketches with this pencil and to mould in clay and wax on objects which attracted his fancy. - ―The Story of the Moth‖ – made the profoundest impression of Rizal. - ―Sa Aking Mga Kabata‖- the first poem written in the native language at age of 8, he also wrote his first dramatic work (Tagalog comedy). Mylene Gado Almario 23. Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood 1. Hereditary influence 2. Environmental influence 3. Aid of the Divine Providence - Tio Jose Alberto – he develop the artistic ability of Rizal. - Tio Manuel – he guided

Rizal on his physical exercises. - Tio Gregorio – intensified Rizal‘s voracious reading of good books. Father Leoncio Lopez – fostered Rizal‘s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty. Mylene Gado Almario 24. Early Education in Calamba and Biñan - The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was remarkable woman of good character and fine culture. - Maestro Celestino – first private tutor. - Maestro Lucas Padua – science tutor. - Leon Monroy – a former classmate of his father, that instructed in Spanish and Latin. He diedfive months later. - June 1869 – Rizal left Calamba to study in Biñan, accompanied byPaciano. - Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – Rizal‘s first teacher in Biñan. Mylene Gado Almario 25. Early Education in Calamba and Biñan - Pedro – his classmate that challenge him to fight. - Andres Lakindanan – challenged Rizal to an wrestling match. - Juancho – an old painter who was the father-inlaw of the school teacher; freely give Rizal lesson in drawing and painting. - December 17, 1870 – he left Biñan after one year and a half of schooling. - Arturo Camos – a French friend of Rizal‘s father who took care of him on board. Mylene Gado Almario 26. Martyrdom of GomBurZA - January 20, 1872 – about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of Sgt. Lamadrid (he was Filipino, but rose in mutiny because of the abolition of their usual privileges). - Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora – were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by the order of Governor-General Izquierdo. - The martyrdom of the GomBurZa in 1872 truly Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his oppressed people. Rizal dedicated his second novel El Filibusterismo to GomBurZa. Mylene Gado Almario 27. Injustice to Rizal’s Mother - June 1872 – Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter‘s perfidious wife. - Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – Calamba‘s gobernadorcillo, who helped to arrest Doña Teodora. - After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz, Laguna (50km.). - Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial prison, where she languished for two years. - Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan – the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora. Mylene Gado Almario 28. Scholastic Triumph at Ateneo de Manila - Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. - Escuela Pia (Charity School) – formerly name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila which was established by the city government 1817. - June 10, 1872 – Rizal was accompanied by Paciano on his way to Manila. - Father Magin Ferrano – he was the college registrar, who refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reason: a) he was late or registration b) he was sickly and undersized for his age. - Manuel Xerez Burgos – because of his intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted Ateneo. - He registered Rizal as his surname since Mercado was suspected by the Spanish authorities. - Rizal was first board in a house outside in Caraballo Street. This was owned by a spinster named Titay who owed the family the amount of 300 pesos. Mylene Gado Almario 29. Jesuits System of Education - It trained the character of the students by rigid discipline and religious instructions. - Students were divided into two groups: - Roman Empire – consisting of internos (boarders); red banner. - Carthaginian Empire – composed of the externos (non-boarders); blue banner. -

Intelligence distribution: - Emperor – 1st - Tribune – 2nd - Decurion - 3rd - Centurion – 4th - Stand – 5th The Ateneo students wore a uniform consisted of ―hemp-fabric trousers ‖ and ―striped cotton coat ‖. The coat material was called ravadillo. Mylene Gado Almario 30. First Year in Ateneo (1872-1973) - Father Jose Bech – Rizal‘s first professor in Ateneo who he described as ―tall thin man, with a body slightly bend forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired, smell deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips forming an arc whose fell toward the chin‖ . - A Religious picture – a Rizal‘s first prize for being brightest pupil in the whole class. - To improve his Spanish, he took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during noon recesses. He paid three pesos for those extra Spanish lessons. - At the end of the school year in March, 1873, he returned to Calamba for summer vacation. - When the summer vacation ended, Rizal returned to Manila for his second year term in Ateneo. This time he boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street. His landlady was an old widow name Doña Pepay. Mylene Gado Almario 31. Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874) - At the end of the school year, Rizal received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal. - The Count of Monte Cristo –(Alexander Dumas) – the first favourite novel of Rizal which made a deep impression on him. - Universal History (Cesar Cantu) – Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of historical work that was a great aid in his studies. - Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German scientist-traveller who visited the Philippines 1859-1860 who wrote Travels in the Philippines. He was impressed in this book because; 1) Jagor’s keen observation of the defects of Spanish colonization, and, 2) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her as colonizer.Mylene Gado Almario 32. Third and Fourth Year in Ateneo (1874- 1876) - Rizal's grades remained excellent in all subjects but e won only one medal – Latin. - At the end of the school year, Rizal‘s returned to Calamba for the vacation. He himself was not impressed by his scholastic work. - June 16, 1875 – Rizal became an interno of the Ateneo. - Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez – a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal‘s professors who inspired him to study harder and to write poetry. Rizal described this Jesuit professor as ―model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils‖. - Rizal‘s topped all his classmates ain all subjects and on five medals at the end of the school term.Mylene Gado Almario 33. Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877) - Rizal‘s studies continued to fare well. As a matter-of-fact, the excelled in all subjects. The most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly the pride of the Jesuits. March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day, Rizal who was 15 years old, received from his Alma Mater; the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honour. - Marian Congeragtion – a religious society wherein Rizal was an active member and later became the secretary. - Rizal cultivated his literary talent under the guidance of Father Sanchez. - Father Jose Vilaclara – advised Rizal to stop communing with the muse and pay mote attention to more practical studies. - Rizal studies painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agusti Saez, and sculpture under omualdo de Jesus; a noted Filipino sculptor. - Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his pocket-knife. - Father Lieonart – impressed by Rizal‘s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an image of Sacred Heart of Jesus. Mylene Gado Almario

34. Poems in Ateneo - It was Doña Teodora who was first discovered the poetic genius of her son, and it also she who first encourage him to write poems. However, it was Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal to take full of his God-given gift in poetry. - Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration), 1874, the Rizal probably wrote during days in Ateneo which was dedicated to his mother on her birthday; Rizal wrote he was 14 years old. 1875 (inspired by Father Sanchez) 1. Felicitacion 2. El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes 3. Y Es Español:Elcano el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo 4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo 5. Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) – brief ode. Mylene Gado Almario 35. Poems in Ateneo 1876 (religion, education, childhood and memories of war) 1. Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) – honour for his hometown Calamba. 2. Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Education (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education) – shows the importance of religion and education. 3. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education the Country Receives Light) – education plays in the progress and welfare a nation. 4. El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucenas y Prison Boabdil (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boadbil) – the defeat and capture of Boabdil, the last Sultan of Granada. 5. La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada) – victorious entry of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain to Granada. 6. San Eustacio, Martir (St. Eustace, The Martyr) – prose story of St. Eustace. Mylene Gado Almario 36. Poems in Ateneo 1877 1. El Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Columbus) – poem praises Columbus. 2. Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II) – relates how King John II of Spain missed fame and riches by his failure to finance the projected expedition of Columbus to the New World. 3. Gran Cunsuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Great Misfortune) – a legend relates to the tragic life of Columbus. 4. Un Dialogo Aluviso a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students) – farewell to his classmates in Ateneo. 5. A la Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary) – another religious poem which doesn‘t have exact date when it was written. Mylene Gado Almario 37. Life in the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882) - After finishing the first year of a course in Philosophy and Letters (1877-1878). He transferred to the medical course. - April 1877 – he enrolled in the UST taking Philosophy and Letters because; 1) his father like it, 2) he was “still uncertain as to what career to pursue”. - Father Pablo Ramon – Rector of Ateneo, who had been good to him his students days in that college, asking for advice on the choice of a career but unfortunately he was in Mindanao. During Rizal‘s first school term in the UST, Rizal also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to the title of perito agrimensor (expect surveyor). Mylene Gado Almario 38. Life in the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882) - Rizal excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture and topography. He passed all the subject but the title was no issued to him because he was only 17 years- old, underage. The title was issued to him on November 25, 1881- the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final examination in the surveying course. - Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-...